大田淹水对高产夏玉米抗倒伏性能的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2013.12.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】倒伏是玉米高产的重要限制因素之一。本研究旨在探讨大田淹水对夏玉米抗倒伏性能的影响。【方法】以登海605（DH605）和郑单958（ZD958）为试验材料，设置大田淹水时期（三叶期、拔节期、开花后10 d）和淹水持续时间（淹水3 d和6 d）处理，研究淹水对夏玉米茎秆形态、穿刺强度、弯曲性能及其显微结构的影响。【结果】淹水后夏玉米基部第3茎节变细，茎秆穿刺强度降低，三叶期淹水6 d造成的影响最大，DH605和ZD958的穿刺强度分别较CK下降32.53%和42.73%；茎秆的皮层厚度和维管束内部厚壁细胞厚度变薄，维管束数目减少。三叶期和拔节期淹水对其影响大于开花后10 d淹水，淹水持续时间越长，影响越严重。淹水后空秆率增加，穗粒数和千粒重显著降低，产量下降，减产幅度表现为三叶期淹水＞拔节期淹水＞开花后10 d淹水，淹水6 d＞淹水3 d。【结论】淹水胁迫降低了茎秆抗倒伏能力，倒伏风险增加，影响产量形成。三叶期淹水对其影响最大，拔节期淹水次之，开花后10 d淹水的影响较小。淹水持续时间越长，影响越严重。

关键词: 夏玉米 , 淹水胁迫 , 茎秆显微结构 , 倒伏 , 产量

Abstract: 【Objective】Lodging is an important factor limiting grain yield of summer maize. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of waterlogging on the lodging resistance of summer maize under field conditions. 【Method】Two summer maize cultivars, Denghai605(DH605) and Zhengdan958(ZD958), were used as experimental materials. The field experiment was performed to explore the effects of waterlogging in different durations (3 and 6 days) on the morphology, rind penetration strength, bending property and microscopic structures of summer maize stalk at three-leaf stage (V3), six-leaf stage (V6), and ten days after the tasseling stage (10VT). 【Result】Results showed that the third internodes width and stalk rind penetration strength reduced significantly after waterlogging, and the decrease of the stalk rind penetration strength of two cultivars was the most in the treatment of waterlogging at V3 for 6 days, with 32.53% in DH605 and 42.73% in ZD958. Waterlogging at V3 and V6 decreased the stalk cortex thickness, the vascular bundle sheath thickness and vascular bundle number much more than waterlogging at 10VT, with the increase of waterlogging duration. Furthermore, waterlogging increased barrenness, and decreased grain yield, kernel number per ear and 1000-grain weight, and the response to different waterlogging treatments was waterlogging at V3>waterlogging at V6>waterlogging at 10VT and waterlogging for 6 days>waterlogging for 3 days.【Conclusion】Waterlogging had significant effects on grain yield and plant morphology. Waterlogging reduced the third internodes width, stalk rind penetration strength and bending property, the stalk cortex thickness, the vascular bundle sheath thickness and vascular bundle number, resulted in the decrease of the lodging resistance. It was most susceptible to be waterlogged at V3, followed by V6 and 10VT, and the effects decreased with the increase of waterlogging duration.

Key words: summer maize , waterlogging , stalk microscopic structures , lodging , grain yield

任佰朝, 张吉旺, 李霞, 范霞, 董树亭, 刘鹏, 赵斌. 大田淹水对高产夏玉米抗倒伏性能的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2013, 46(12): 2440-2448.

REN Bai-Chao, ZHANG Ji-Wang, LI Xia, FAN Xia, DONG Shu-Ting, LIU Peng, ZHAO Bin. Effects of Waterlogging on Stem Lodging Resistance of Summer Maize Under Field Conditions[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2013, 46(12): 2440-2448.

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