冬小麦根系形态性状及分布

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2013.11.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】了解冬小麦根系形态的动态分布规律，为优化根系构型、提高小麦产量潜力提供参考。【方法】本研究借助于微根管技术，对冬小麦根系生长至消亡过程中的根长密度、根尖数、表面积、直径和以根长为基础的根系生长速率进了原位监测。【结果】冬小麦根系的根长密度和根尖数均在拔节期达到最大值，根表面积和直径在抽穗前达到最大值；收获1周后，其根长密度、表面积和根尖数开始大幅降低；10—40 cm土层根系的平均直径较大，根长密度的最大值出现在30—40 cm土层；冬小麦绝大多数根系的直径（RD）小于0.5 mm，0.1 mm＜RD≤0.25 mm区间的根长密度是其它区间之和的1.3—2.1倍；返青至拔节前期，0—40 cm土层的根系增长速率最为显著，拔节中后期40—80 cm土层则显著增大。【结论】返青至抽穗期冬小麦的根系生长最旺盛，其生长重心也逐渐下移，收获后死亡节律滞后。深层根系的直径较小，0.1 mm＜RD≤0.25 mm区间的细根是冬小麦根系的主要组成部分。

关键词: 微根管 , 冬小麦 , 根系形态 , 根长密度

Abstract: 【Objective】The objective of this experiment was to further understand the dynamic distribution of root morphology of winter wheat, and to provide the optimization parameters of root configuration for the potential high yield.【Method】Root length density, root tips, root surface area, root diameter and net root growth rate of winter wheat were measured in situ with the minirhizotrons technique during the process of root growth and death.【Result】The maximum root length density and root tips occurred at elongation stage, and the maximum root surface area and root diameter appeared before heading. Until one week after harvest, root length density, surface area and root tips began to decrease significantly. The average root diameter of winter wheat in the soil layer of 0-40 cm was greater than that in the depth of 40-80 cm, and the maximum root length density always appeared below the depth of 30-40 cm during the observation period. Diameters of most root system of winter wheat were less than 0.5 mm, and fine roots with diameter between 0.10 mm and 0.25 mm were 1.3-2.1 times higher than the sum of other intervals. Root growth rate in the 0-40 cm soil layer increased significantly form reviving to early jointing stage, and root growth rate in the soil layer of 40-80 cm increased obviously at the late jointing stage.【Conclusion】 Root growth of winter wheat was exuberant from reviving to heading stage, and its growing center shifted downward gradually. The root death rhythm of winter wheat was lagging after harvest. Root diameter of winter wheat in deep soil layer was small. Root system of winter wheat was comprised of fine roots with diameter between 0.10 mm and 0.25 mm.

Key words: minirhizotron , winter wheat , root morphology , root length density

邱新强, 高阳, 黄玲, 李新强, 孙景生, 段爱旺. 冬小麦根系形态性状及分布[J]. 中国农业科学, 2013, 46(11): 2211-2219.

QIU Xin-Qiang, GAO Yang, HUANG Ling, LI Xin-Qiang, SUN Jing-Sheng, DUAN Ai-Wang. Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Root Morphology of Winter Wheat[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2013, 46(11): 2211-2219.

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https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2013/V46/I11/2211

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