等氮量分次追施对盆栽红富士苹果叶片衰老及15N-尿素吸收、利用特性的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2012.19.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】为苹果生产中确定延缓叶片衰老的追肥策略提供依据。【方法】以两年生盆栽红富士苹果嫁接苗/平邑甜茶为试材，研究等氮量分次追施氮肥对红富士苹果叶片衰老的影响及15N-尿素的吸收利用特性。【结果】不同追肥处理，植株叶片叶面积、叶绿素含量和叶片全氮含量在盛花期均以一次性追肥处理最高，三次追肥处理最低，且与一次追肥处理差异显著；在花芽分化期均以二次追肥处理最高，一次追肥处理最低；在果实采收期均以三次追肥处理最高，一次追肥处理最低，且与三次追肥处理差异显著；叶片的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性在盛花期均以一次性追肥处理最高，三次追肥处理最低，且与一次追肥处理差异显著；在花芽分化期均以二次追肥处理最高，一次追肥处理最低；在果实成熟期均以三次追肥处理最高，一次追肥处理最低，且与三次追肥处理差异显著；果实成熟期植株各器官Ndff值差异显著，三次追肥处理显著高于一次和二次追肥处理；果实成熟期三次追肥处理植株的总氮量、吸收的15N量及15N肥料利用率均为最大。【结论】三次追肥处理能增强苹果叶片对氮的吸收调节能力，延缓生长后期叶片衰老，提高氮肥利用率。

关键词: 苹果, 分次追肥, 叶片衰老, 15N-尿素, 吸收, 利用

Abstract: 【Objective】The aim of the experiment is to provide a theoretical basis for topdressing application in apple for delaying the leaf senescence.【Method】The effects on leaf senescence and the characteristics of absorption and utilization of potted two-year-old ‘Fuji’ apple/Malus hupenhensis in response to topdressing nitrogen were studied.【Result】Plant leaf area, SPAD and the total N content of leaves were obviously the highest in one-time topdressing application at full-bloom stage, and the lowest were found in three-time topdressing application. At flower bud differentiation stage, two-time topdressing application was the highest, and the lowest was in one-time topdressing application. At fruit maturity stage, three-time topdressing application were obviously the highest, while one-time topdressing application was the lowest. The leaf SOD, POD and CAT activities were obviously the highest in one-time topdressing application at full-bloom stage, the lowest were found in three-time topdressing application. At flower bud differentiation stage, two-time topdressing application was the highest, the lowest was in one-time topdressing application. At fruit maturity stage, three-time topdressing application was obviously the highest, while one-time topdressing application was the lowest. The Ndff value in different organs was significantly different and the value of three-time topdressing application was obviously higher than that of one or two-time topdressing at fruit maturity stage. Plant total nitrogen, 15N uptake and nitrogen ratio were the highest in three-time topdressing application fruit maturity stage.【Conclusion】Three-time topdressing application not only enhanced the absorption and transfer ability to N in apple tree, delayed leaf senescence, but also increased the nitrogen efficiency.

Key words: apple, topdressing application, leaf senescence, 15N-urea, absorption, utilization

丁宁, 姜远茂, 彭福田, 陈倩, 王富林, 周恩达. 等氮量分次追施对盆栽红富士苹果叶片衰老及15N-尿素吸收、利用特性的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2012, 45(19): 4025-4031.

DING Ning, JIANG Yuan-Mao, PENG Fu-Tian, CHEN Qian, WANG Fu-Lin, ZHOU 恩Da. Effect of Topdressing Nitrogen Application on Leaf Senescence and 15 N-Urea of Absorption, Distribution and Utilization in Potted ‘Fuji ’Apple[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2012, 45(19): 4025-4031.

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