四种苹果砧木幼苗对锌胁迫的耐性差异

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2012.18.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究4种苹果砧木幼苗对低锌和高锌胁迫的响应差异，比较其对锌胁迫耐性差异，筛选适应锌胁迫环境的砧木资源。【方法】采用溶液培养法，对苹果砧木幼苗进行不同锌浓度处理，并分析幼苗株高、干物质量、根系构型、根系活力和锌积累、利用效率等指标。【结果】分别在缺锌（0 μmol•L-1）、低锌（1 μmol•L-1）、对照（4 μmol•L-1）、过量锌（10 μmol•L-1）和高锌（100 μmol•L-1）等不同锌浓度营养液中培养45 d，八棱海棠（Malus robusta. Rehd.）、平邑甜茶（M. hupehensis Rehd.）和山定子（M. baccata Borkh.）3种砧木表现植株矮小、新生叶小且簇生、节间缩短等缺锌症状，而小金海棠（M. xiaojinensis Cheng et Jiang）缺锌症状不明显。高锌胁迫下，4种苹果砧木均表现出植株矮小、叶片黄化、生长受到严重抑制等锌毒害症状。低锌处理，4种苹果砧木幼苗株高、干物质量、根构型参数均显著下降，降低幅度依次为：山定子＞平邑甜茶＞八棱海棠＞小金海棠，且小金海棠表现出较高的锌转运系数。高锌胁迫下，八棱海棠的干物质量及根系总长、表面积和根系活力高于其它3个品种，各指标的降低幅度依次为：山定子＞平邑甜茶＞小金海棠＞八棱海棠。低锌条件下，地上部锌积累高于根系，大部分锌上运以满足地上部对锌的需求；高锌条件下，锌在根系累积，以减轻对地上部的伤害。【结论】不同苹果砧木幼苗对缺锌及高锌胁迫的耐性不同。供试品种中，小金海棠耐低锌胁迫能力较强，山定子对缺锌及低锌胁迫敏感；八棱海棠对高锌胁迫的耐性较强；山定子在高锌胁迫下受到伤害最大、耐高锌能力最差。

关键词: 苹果砧木, 锌胁迫, 根构型, 养分吸收

Abstract: 【Objective】The response difference of four apple rootstock seedlings under variable zinc concentrations were investigated. The purpose of this work is to compare the tolerance of four apple cultivars to low and high zinc stress, which also has important significance in screening apple rootstocks well adapted to zinc stress. 【Method】The experiment was carried out with the seedlings of four apple rootstocks cultivars grown hydroponically under different zinc concentrations. The growth, dry weight, the morphology and architecture of root ,root activity, zinc accumulation and utilization efficiency of apple rootstock seedlings were measured and analysised.【Result】The changes in height, biomass of plant, morphology and architecture of root, root activity, zinc accumulation and utilization in plant were studied under zinc deficiency (0 μmol•L-1), low zinc (1 μmol•L-1), control (4 μmol•L-1), optimal zinc (10 μmol•L-1), and excess zinc (100 μmol•L-1) with hydroponics. Results showed that many obvious zinc-deficiency symptoms were observed in the three apple rootstock (Malus hupehensis Rehd., M. xiaojinensis Cheng et Jiang., M. robusta Rehd.) seedlings receiving no Zn supply for 45 d, such as, the plant dwarfed, the new smaller leaves and the length of stem node decreased. The four apple rootstock seedlings all showed toxic symptoms receiving excess Zn, such as, the plant dwarfed, the new leaves etiolated and growth inhibited. The biomass, the height, total length, total surface of root, significantly decreased and the decreased degree was M. baccata Borkh. ＞M. hupehensis Rehd. ＞M. robusta Rehd. ＞M. xiaojinensis Cheng et Jiang. under the low zinc, while M. xiaojinensis Cheng et Jiang. performed more higher than that of other rootstock seedlings. And these physiological and morphological responses of root to excess zinc were exhibited: M. robusta Rehd＞M. xiaojinensis Cheng et Jiang＞M. hupehensis Rehd.＞M. baccata. Borkh. Most zinc entered the seedlings were transported up to the part above the ground to meet demand for zinc under the low zinc condition. The toxicity of zinc to shoot was weakened though to retain most zinc in root under excess zinc condition.【Conclusion】The tolerance to deficient zinc of M. xiaojinensis Cheng et Jiang was higher than that of others, M. baccata Borkh. was sensitive to Zn-deficiency. The tolerance to excess zinc of M. robusta Rehd. was higher than that of others. The root tolerance to excess zinc of M. baccata Borkh. was weaker than that of others.

Key words: apple rootstocks, zinc stress, root architecture, nutrient uptake

刘飞, 王金花, 张洪毅, 付春霞, 王衍安. 四种苹果砧木幼苗对锌胁迫的耐性差异[J]. 中国农业科学, 2012, 45(18): 3801-3811.

LIU Fei, WANG Jin-Hua, ZHANG Hong-Yi, FU Chun-Xia, WANG Yan-An. Differences in Tolerance of Four Apple Rootstock Seedlings to Zinc Stress[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2012, 45(18): 3801-3811.

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