关键词: 黄淮海地区, 冬小麦, 干热风, 时空变化, 防御对策

Abstract: 【Objective】The spatial-temporal changes of dry-hot wind of winter wheat in Huanghuaihai plain under climate change were studied and the effective defense strategies were proposed.【Method】Based on the daily meteorological data from 1961 to 2010 of 68 meteorological stations in Huanghuaihai Plain, by using the meteorological industry standards of “Disaster grade of dry-hot wind for wheat” published by the China Meteorological Administration, the spatial-temporal changes of annual average days and process times of high temperature and low humidity dry-hot wind for winter wheat in Huanghuaihai Plain were systematically analyzed, and the defensive countermeasures were specially put forward.【Result】 As for high temperature and low humidity dry-hot wind for winter wheat in Huanghuaihai Plain, from 1961 to 2010, the annual average days and process times of light and severe dry-hot wind showed a decreasing trend. The light and severe dry-hot wind slowly reduced during the periods of 1960-1980 and 2001-2010, and did not change significantly during the period of 1981-2000. The most serious damages were both found in 1968, and the lightest damages were both found in 1987. In the past 50 years, the inter-annual variabilities of light and severe dry-hot wind were great, which were related with the match of temperature, moisture and wind speed. The most serious damages of light and severe dry-hot wind both occurred in the 1960s, and then Then were in the 1970s and the last 10 years. The lighter damages appeared in the 1980s and the 1990s. The spatial distributions of annual average days and process times of light and severe dry-hot wind were consistent, showing a trend of high in the middle and low in the ends, a significant differences among regions and higher in the inland than on the coast at the same latitude. The damage was the lightest around the north and northwest of Hebei Province, and southeast of Henan Province, and serious in the southern of Hebei Province and in the northwestern of Henan Province. Thus the crop yields were greatly affected and the production was more relatively vulnerable in these areas.【Conclusion】From 1961 to 2010, the dry-hot wind for winter wheat in Huanghuaihai Plain showed a decreasing trend. However, it might still occur in different periods and regions owing to the matching combination differences of temperature, moisture and wind speed among the meteorological elements, with large inter-annual variability, and significant region differences. In actual production, great importance should be attached to the defense of dry-hot wind for wheat. The measures related to reducing the impacts and harm of dry-hot wind for wheat include biological measures, technical measures and agricultural chemical measures, and the most effective measure is improvement field microclimate and should be attached enhancing the resistance of wheat to dry-hot wind.

Key words: Huanghuaihai Plain, winter wheat, dry-hot wind, spatial-temporal change, defensive countermeasure