西瓜枯萎病抗性及其嫁接对根际土壤微生物数量及群落结构的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2011.22.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】揭示不同枯萎病抗性西瓜品种根际土壤微生物的差异及嫁接提高抗病性的土壤微生物学基础。【方法】以抗枯萎病西瓜品种‘甜妞’和感枯萎病西瓜品种‘天使’为试材，以南瓜（博强1号）为嫁接砧木，采用平板计数及PCR-DGGE技术，研究抗感枯萎病西瓜品种自根苗、嫁接苗和砧木不同生育期根际土壤微生物数量及群落结构的变化。【结果】抗性品种根际土壤细菌数量在生育期的中后期显著高于感病品种，根际土壤真菌数量显著低于感病品种；感病品种嫁接后根际土壤细菌和放线菌数量均高于非嫁接处理，而镰孢菌除苗期外均低于非嫁接处理；PCR-DGGE结果表明，不同处理根际土壤细菌、真菌群落结构存在差异，且随生育期的变化而变化。对差异条带测序分析说明不同西瓜品种及嫁接砧木南瓜根际分布不同的细菌和真菌群。【结论】西瓜抗病品种的根际土壤细菌和放线菌的数量显著高于感病品种，而真菌和镰孢菌数量显著低于感病品种，品种的抗性与根际土壤微生物的种群和数量密切相关；嫁接提高了感病品种根际土壤细菌、放线菌微生物数量，抑制了枯萎病菌的积聚，改变了根际土壤微生物群落结构。植物基因型对根际土壤微生物群落结构有显著影响，而根际微生物群落结构的不同将导致植物对病原菌的抗性差异及品种差异。

关键词: 西瓜, 枯萎病, 嫁接, 微生物数量及群落结构, PCR-DGGE

Abstract: 【Objective】 The purpose of this study is to reveal the soil microbiology mechanism of grafting on increase of plant disease resistance, and the differences of rhizosphere soil microorganism population and community structure of grafted and ungrafted watermelon cultivars with different resistances to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. niveum were evaluated. 【Method】 Changes of rhizosphere soil microorganism population and community of own-rooted watermelon cultivars (Tianniu, resistant cultivar; and Tianshi, susceptible cultivar), rootstock (Boqiang No.1, pumpkin) and their grafted plants were investigated by plate culture method and PCR-DGGE method at different watermelon growth stages. 【Result】 Plate culture results showed that the rhizosphere culturable bacteria population of resistant watermelon cultivar was significantly larger than that of the susceptible cultivar, while the fungi population was significantly smaller than that of the susceptible cultivar of the watermelon at middle-late growing stage. The rhizosphere culturable bacteria and actinomyces populations of the grafted susceptible cultivar were larger than the ungrafted one, but the Fusarium population in rhizosphere soil of grafted watermelon was smaller than that of the ungrafted. PCR-DGGE results showed that rhizosphere soil bacteria and fungi community structures of all treatments changed with watermelon growth stages, and were different between different treatments. Further sequencing analysis of specific bands from DGGE profiles indicated that different groups of bacteria and fungi occurred in the rhizosphere of different watermelon cultivars and rootstock Pupkin cultivar. 【Conclusion】 The resistant watermelon cultivar had significant higher quantities of rhizosphere soil bacteria and actinomyces compared with the susceptible one, while the resistant watermelon cultivar had significant lower quantities of rhizosphere soil fungi and Fusarium compared with the susceptible one. The resistance of watermelon cultivar was closely related to the size of rhizosphere microorganism population. The grafting treatment significantly improved rhizosphere soil bacteria and actinomyces quantities and reduced the quantities of rhizosphere soil Fusarium of susceptible cultivar. The grafting treatment also changed soil microbial community structures. It was concluded that plant genotype has a significant impact on soil microbial community structure, and the differences in the rhizosphere microbial community may contribute to the differences in resistance to F. oxysporum f. sp. Niveum and cultivars.

Key words: watermelon, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum, grafting, microbial population and community structure, PCR-DGGE

吴凤芝, 安美君. 西瓜枯萎病抗性及其嫁接对根际土壤微生物数量及群落结构的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2011, 44(22): 4636-4644.

WU Feng-Zhi, AN Mei-Jun. Effects of Watermelon Cultivars with Different Resistances to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum and Grafting on Rhizosphere Soil Microorganism Population and Community Structure[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2011, 44(22): 4636-4644.

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