中国农业科学 ›› 2010, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (23): 4862-4870 .doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2010.23.011

• 土壤肥料·节水灌溉·农业生态环境 • 上一篇    下一篇

喷施化学调控剂缩节胺、乙烯利对棉花植株氨挥发的影响

唐光木,徐万里,葛春辉,马海刚,孙宁川

  

  1. (新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所)
  • 收稿日期:2010-03-01 修回日期:2010-08-05 出版日期:2010-12-01 发布日期:2010-12-01
  • 通讯作者: 徐万里

Effects of Spraying Chemical Regulator Dimethylpiperidinium Choride and Ethephon on Plant Ammonia Volatilization in Cotton of Xinjiang

TANG Guang-mu, XU Wan-li, GE Chun-hui, MA Hai-gang, SUN Ning-chuan

  

  1. (新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所)
  • Received:2010-03-01 Revised:2010-08-05 Online:2010-12-01 Published:2010-12-01
  • Contact: XU Wan-li

摘要:

【目的】研究喷施化学调控剂缩节胺、乙烯利对新疆棉花植株氨挥发影响,揭示其影响机理,丰富棉花氮素营养理论。【方法】喷施化学调控剂缩节胺和乙烯利后,应用密闭生长室抽气法定期监测棉花植株氨挥发变化,同时监测可溶性蛋白质、与氮代谢相关酶活性及气孔特性等指标。【结果】棉花花铃期,喷施1 g?L-1和1.5 g?L-1的缩节胺棉花植株氨挥发平均降低28.80%和35.15%,氨挥发量与叶片可溶性蛋白质、气孔面积显著正相关(P<0.05),与硝酸还原酶活性和谷氨酰胺合成酶活性呈显著负相关(P<0.05);喷施1.5 mL?L-1和2.5 mL?L-1的乙烯利叶片氨挥发平均增加47.30%和37.40%,氨挥发量与叶片可溶性蛋白质、硝酸还原酶活性和谷氨酰胺合成酶活性之间呈显著负相关(P<0.05),与气孔面积呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。【结论】喷施缩节胺促进了叶片同化物向生殖器官转移,降低叶片可溶性蛋白质含量,增强了叶片硝酸还原酶和谷氨酰胺合成酶活性,缩小了叶片气孔面积,抑制了棉花植株氨挥发;喷施乙烯利加速了植株的衰老和蛋白质的降解,抑制了叶片硝酸还原酶和谷氨酰胺合成酶活性,增大了叶片气孔面积,促进棉花植株氨挥发。

关键词: 缩节胺, 乙烯利, 可溶性蛋白质, 硝酸还原酶活性, 谷氨酰胺合成酶活性, 气孔

Abstract:

【Objective】The aims of the study were to determine the effects of chemical regulator of dimethylpiperidinium choride (DPC) and ethephon on plant ammonia volatilization in cotton of Xinjiang, and to reveal the mechanism on plant nitrogen nutrition.【Method】Ammonia volatilization from the cotton plants, indexes of soluble proteins (SP), activities of enzymes related to nitrogenous metabolism and stomatal characteristics were measured after the cotton plants sprayed with chemical regulators of DPC and ethephon in enclosure growth chamber.【Result】At the flowering and boll setting stages of cotton, average ammonia volatilization of cotton plants was reduced by 28.80% and 35.15% with the spraying of DPC at 1 g?L-1 and 1.5 g?L-1. There was a positive relationship between the ammonia volatilization and either the SP or area of stomata (P<0.05), and a negative correlation between ammonia volatilization and nitrate reductase (NR) activity, glutamine synthesis (GS) activity (P<0.05). The average ammonia volatilization of cotton plants with spraying of ethephon at 1.5 mL?L-1 and 2.5 mL?L-1 increased by 47.30% and 37.40% compared with no spraying control. A negative correlation was observed between ammonia volatilization and SP, NR activity, GS activity (P<0.05), whereas a positive relationship was observed between the ammonia volatilization and area of stomata (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 Spraying of DPC reduced ammonia volatilization from cotton plants, which was mainly due to more photosynthetic transfer to reproductive organ from nutritional organs, reduced soluble protein content in leaves, enhanced NR and GS activities, and reduced the area of leaf stomata, which inhibited ammonia volatilization of cotton plants. Spraying of ethephon resulted in accelerating the plant senescence and the protein degradation, inhibiting the NR and GS activities, enlarging the area of leaf stomata, which promoted the ammonia volatilization of cotton plants.

Key words: dimethylpiperidinium choride, ethephon, soluble protein, nitrate reductase activity, glutamine synthesis activity, stomata