中国农业科学 ›› 2010, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (22): 4587-4597 .doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2010.22.005

• 耕作栽培·生理生化·农业信息技术 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同类型冬小麦氮、硫积累分配及利用效率的差异

王东,桑晓光,周杰,满建国,谷淑波,王杰,相昌芬,鹿莹

  

  1. (山东农业大学农学院/农业部作物生理生态与栽培重点开放实验室 )
  • 收稿日期:2010-06-01 修回日期:2010-07-04 出版日期:2010-11-15 发布日期:2010-11-15
  • 通讯作者:

Differences in Accumulation and Distribution and Use Efficiency of Nitrogen and Sulfur in Different Types of Winter Wheat

WANG Dong, SANG Xiao-guang, ZHOU Jie, MAN Jian-guo, GU Shu-bo, WANG Jie, XIANG Chang-fen, LU Ying
  

  1. (山东农业大学农学院/农业部作物生理生态与栽培重点开放实验室 )
  • Received:2010-06-01 Revised:2010-07-04 Online:2010-11-15 Published:2010-11-15

摘要:

【目的】揭示不同类型冬小麦氮、硫积累、分配与利用规律及对氮、硫肥反应的差异。【方法】在田间条件下,连续3年先后选用13个高产品种,采用聚类分析方法进行冬小麦氮、硫利用效率类型的划分,并在0—20 cm土层土壤水解氮含量92.2 mg?kg-1、有效硫含量42.4 mg?kg-1的地力条件下,研究不同类型冬小麦在不同氮、硫施用量下,氮素和硫素含量、积累量、收获指数、籽粒产量的差异及其与氮素利用效率和硫素利用效率的关系。【结果】结果表明,冬小麦的氮素利用效率与硫素利用效率呈极显著正相关关系,依据品种间氮素利用效率和硫素利用效率的差异,将供试品种划分为氮低效硫低效组、氮中效硫中效组和氮高效硫高效组。氮低效硫低效组小麦品种植株含氮量和含硫量一般高于氮中效硫中效组和氮高效硫高效组品种,氮素收获指数和硫素收获指数则小于氮中效硫中效组和氮高效硫高效组品种。在24 kg?hm-2施氮水平下施硫,氮高效硫高效组和氮中效硫中效组品种植株含氮量显著提高,氮素积累量、硫素积累量和产量显著增加;氮低效硫低效组品种与氮高效硫高效组和氮中效硫中效组品种相比,施硫处理氮素积累量的增加量较小,而氮素收获指数降低的幅度较大,产量显著降低。在240 kg?hm-2施氮水平下施硫,氮高效硫高效组品种植株含氮量和含硫量仍显著提高,氮素和硫素积累量显著增加,但氮素和硫素收获指数及产量无显著变化,氮硫利用效率显著降低;氮中效硫中效组和氮低效硫低效组品种氮素和硫素积累量无显著变化,多数品种的氮素和硫素收获指数亦无显著变化,产量和氮硫利用效率降低。【结论】冬小麦产量形成需硫量的相对高低与需氮量一致,氮素利用效率与硫素利用效率可以协同提高。在保持植株一定氮素和硫素积累量的基础上,通过提高氮素和硫素收获指数促进籽粒产量的增加,是实现冬小麦对氮素和硫素高效利用的一个重要途径。

关键词: 冬小麦, 氮素, 硫素, 积累分配, 利用效率, 籽粒产量

Abstract:

【Objective】 The objective of this study was to identify the differences in accumulation and distribution and use efficiency of nitrogen and sulfur in different types of wheat. 【Method】 A three-year field trial was conducted from 2006 to 2009 with total 13 cultivars for type classification in nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and sulfur use efficiency (SUE) based on cluster analysis. Under the filed condition with 92.2 mg?kg-1 hydrolyzable N and 42.4 mg?kg-1 available S in 0-20cm soil layer, two N treatments (N24=24 kg N?hm-2, N240=240 kg N?hm-2) and two S treatments (S0=0 kg S?hm-2, N60=60 kg S?hm-2) were made. The contents of N and S, the accumulation amount of N and S, N harvest index and S harvest index, yield, and their relationship with NUE and SUE were analyzed. 【Result】 The results showed that NUE correlated positively with SUE. Based on the cluster analysis of NUE and SUE, these 13 cultivars could be divided into three groups: high NUE and SUE group (HNS group), medium NUE and SUE group (MNS group), and low NUE and SUE group (LNS group). The contents of N and S in LNS group were higher than those in MNS group and HNS group, N harvest index and S harvest index in LNS group were lower than those in MNS group and HNS group. With sulfur applied at N24 rate, N content, N accumulation amount, S accumulation amount and yield in HNS group and MNS group increased significantly, yield in LNS group decreased significantly, and the increasing rate of N accumulation amount in LNS group was lower than that in HNS group and MNS group, the decreasing rate of N harvest index in LNS group was higher than that in HNS group and MNS group. With sulfur applied at N240 rate, the contents of N and S, the accumulation amount of N and S increased significantly, NUE and SUE decreased significantly, but no significant difference occurred in N harvest index, S harvest index and yield in HNS group; no significant difference occurred in the accumulation amount of N and S of all tested cultivars, also in N harvest index and S harvest index of most tested cultivars, but the yield, NUE and SUE decreased in MNS group and LNS group. 【Conclusion】 The relative amount of sulfur demanded for yield formation is consistent with that of nitrogen. NUE and SUE could be coordinately developed. It is an important way for utilizing N and S more efficiently to produce higher grain yield with suitable N content and S content, certain N accumulation amount and S accumulation amount, higher N harvest index and S harvest index.

Key words: winter wheat, nitrogen, sulfur, accumulation and distribution, utilization efficiency, grain yield