地表覆盖对西北旱地土壤有机氮累积及矿化的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2010.03.009

中国农业科学 ›› 2010, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (3): 507-513 .doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2010.03.009

• 土壤肥料·节水灌溉·农业生态环境 • 上一篇下一篇

地表覆盖对西北旱地土壤有机氮累积及矿化的影响

谢驾阳,王朝辉,李生秀,田霄鸿

（西北农林科技大学资源环境学院）

收稿日期:2009-05-12 修回日期:2009-07-30 出版日期:2010-02-10 发布日期:2010-02-10
通讯作者: 王朝辉

Effects of Different Surface Mulching on Soil Organic Nitrogen Accumulation and Mineralization in Dryland of Northwestern China

XIE Jia-yang, WANG Zhao-hui, LI Sheng-xiu, TIAN Xiao-hong

（西北农林科技大学资源环境学院）

Received:2009-05-12 Revised:2009-07-30 Online:2010-02-10 Published:2010-02-10
Contact: WANG Zhao-hui

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】认识土壤氮素的转化和供应过程,是优化作物栽培和氮素养分管理的关键。【方法】本文采用5年田间长期定位试验的土壤,研究了地表覆草和覆膜栽培对旱地土壤氮素矿化和供氮能力的影响。【结果】与常规栽培相比,地表长期覆草会提高土壤氮素矿化势,降低矿化速率;覆膜则会降低土壤氮素矿化势,提高矿化速率,覆草、覆膜和常规栽培的矿化势分别为25.0—29.7、23.2—25.9、23.3—26.2 mg?kg-1。不施氮时,覆草和覆膜均能提高土壤有机氮含量,增加土壤轻质有机氮含量;施氮后,覆草能增加土壤有机氮和轻质有机氮含量,但覆膜却降低了土壤有机氮和轻质有机氮含量。施氮240 kg?hm-2时,地表覆草、覆膜和常规栽培土壤的有机氮含量分别为1.03、0.95和0.96 g?kg-1,轻质有机氮分别为51、35和37 mg?kg-1。【结论】作物生长过程中,地表覆草栽培能使土壤将较多的矿质氮转化形成可矿化有机氮;覆膜栽培则不利于土壤的有机氮累积。因此,覆草栽培虽增加了土壤氮素供应能力,但为实现作物增产,需增加氮肥投入或在作物需氮较多的生长阶段补充氮肥,覆膜栽培则需要注意配施有机肥。

关键词: 覆草, 覆膜, 氮矿化势, 轻质有机氮

Abstract:

【Objective】 Understanding soil nitrogen transformation and supplying process is the key for optimizing crop cultivation and nitrogen managements. 【Method】 In this paper, soils were sampled from a 5-year-long field experiment to study the effects of different soil surface mulching on soil organic nitrogen accumulation and mineralization in dryland of northwestern China. 【Result】 The results showed that compared to conventional cultivation, long term surface mulching with straw increased soil nitrogen mineralization potential but decreased mineralization rate. Mulching with plastic-film decreased nitrogen mineralization potential, but increased mineralization rate. The nitrogen mineralization potential for the conventional cultivation, straw mulching and plastic film mulching was 25.0-29.7, 23.2-25.9 and 23.3-26.2 mg?kg-1, respectively. Without N application, straw and plastic-film mulching increased soil organic nitrogen and light fraction organic nitrogen contents. When N was fertilized, straw mulching could increase soil organic nitrogen and light fraction organic nitrogen contents, while plastic-film mulching decreased their contents. At N rate of 240 kg?hm-2, the organic nitrogen content was 1.03, 0.95 and 0.96 g?kg-1, and the light fraction organic nitrogen content was 51, 35 and 37 mg?kg-1 for the conventional cultivation, straw mulching and plastic film mulching, respectively. 【Conclusion】 It is concluded that surface mulching with straw causes soil to immobilize more mineral N into mineralisable organic N, while with plastic film is not beneficial to organic nitrogen accumulation. Therefore, in order to increase crop yield, more nitrogen fertilizer is needed or supplemental N fertilizer should be applied at the key nitrogen requirement stage under straw mulching cultivation as it could increase soil N supply capacity. For plastic film mulching, more attention should be paid to application of organic fertilizer.

Key words: straw mulching, plastic-film mulching, nitrogen mineralization potential, light fraction organic nitrogen

谢驾阳,王朝辉,李生秀,田霄鸿
. 地表覆盖对西北旱地土壤有机氮累积及矿化的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2010, 43(3): 507-513 .

XIE Jia-yang,WANG Zhao-hui,LI Sheng-xiu,TIAN Xiao-hong
. Effects of Different Surface Mulching on Soil Organic Nitrogen Accumulation and Mineralization in Dryland of Northwestern China
[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2010, 43(3): 507-513 .

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地表覆盖对西北旱地土壤有机氮累积及矿化的影响

Effects of Different Surface Mulching on Soil Organic Nitrogen Accumulation and Mineralization in Dryland of Northwestern China

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