中国农业科学 ›› 2009, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (12): 4396-4402 .doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2009.12.035

• 研究简报 • 上一篇    下一篇

黄土旱塬不同水分管理模式对旱作春玉米土壤温度的影响

朱琳,刘毅,徐洪敏,陈新平,李世清   

  1. (西北农林科技大学黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室)
  • 收稿日期:2009-04-01 修回日期:2009-04-17 出版日期:2009-12-10 发布日期:2009-12-10
  • 通讯作者: 李世清

Effects of Water Management Patterns in Spring Maize Cultivation on the Dryland Soil Temperature Dynamics in the Loess Plateau

ZHU Lin, LIU Yi, XU Hong-min, CHEN Xin-ping, LI Shi-qing
  

  1. (西北农林科技大学黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室)
  • Received:2009-04-01 Revised:2009-04-17 Online:2009-12-10 Published:2009-12-10
  • Contact: LI Shi-qing

摘要: 【目的】基于春玉米生长季土壤温度动态观测资料,研究黄土高原南部旱作区不同水分管理模式对春玉米(Zea mays)农田土壤温度动态变化和玉米生育期土壤积温(>10℃)的影响,其结果对理解不同水分管理模式对玉米生长影响具有一定参考价值。【方法】以沈单10为供试作物品种,水分管理模式2007年采用补充灌溉、雨养和地膜覆盖3种处理。在2007年基础上,2008年增加秸秆覆盖,试验采用完全方案,于2007年和2008年连续进行2年田间试验。【结果】地膜覆盖具有明显的增温效应,而秸秆覆盖具有明显降温效应;玉米不同生育阶段>10℃土壤积温,以出苗阶段(PT-VE)最低,生殖生长阶段(R1-R6)次之,营养生长阶段(VE-R1)最高。不同水分管理模式对不同生育期的土壤积温影响不同:地膜覆盖在PT-VE阶段较低,补充灌溉在VE-R1阶段较低,雨养处理在R1-R6阶段较低。地膜覆盖条件下土壤温度对大气温度变化的响应更为敏感,与大气温度变化最为紧密;而秸秆覆盖土壤温度对大气温度变化的反应最迟钝。补充灌溉和地膜覆盖处理籽粒产量显著高于雨养处理(P<0.05),与雨养相比,2007和2008年补充灌溉分别增产30.0%和25.7%,地膜覆盖分别增产18.1%和29.7%。【结论】在黄土旱塬地区,不同水分管理模式不仅影响土壤温度动态变化,而且也影响玉米生长发育和对土壤热量资源利用。

关键词: 春玉米, 水分管理模式, 土壤温度, 土壤积温, 黄土旱塬

Abstract: 【Objective】 According to the investigations on soil temperature dynamics in the spring maize growing season, a field experiment was conducted to examine the effects of different maize culturing practices on soil temperature dynamics and soil accumulated temperature (>10℃) in Loess Plateau. Hence it has a certain reference value for understanding the influence of different culturing practices on spring maize growth. 【Method】 Shendan10 was used as the test crop. Three field water management practices, including supplementary irrigation (SI), rain-fed (RF) and plastic film mulching (FM), were adopted in spring maize fields in 2007. Maize straw mulching (SM) was added in 2008. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design. 【Result】 The results showed that the plastic film had a significant warming effect while the maize straw mulching had a cooling effect. During the course of crop growing season, soil accumulated temperature (>10℃) had the peak at vegetative growth stages (VE-R1), followed by growth stages (R1-R6), and reached the lowest value at seedling stage (PT-VE). Moreover, soil accumulated temperature was different in different culturing practices during the course of crop growing stages. Soil accumulated temperature was lower in the PT-VE period in plastic film mulching treatment, VE-R1 period in supplementary irrigation treatment and R1-R6 period in rain-fed treatment.The response of plastic film mulching soil temperature was most sensitive to air temperature, and the response of straw mulching soil temperature was most insensitive to the air temperature. The crop grain yield was significantly improved under both the supplementary irrigation and the film mulching treatments compared to the rain-fed treatment, with the increases of 30.0% and 18.1% in 2007, and 25.7% and 29.7% in 2008, respectively. 【Conclusion】 It is concluded that different maize culturing practices in the Loess Plateau not only affect the soil temperature dynamic changes, but also affect the maize growth and the utilization of the soil heat resources.

Key words: spring maize, water management patterns, soil temperature, soil accumulated temperature, Loess Plateau