|
|
|
|
|
| The effects of aerated irrigation on soil respiration, oxygen, and porosity |
ZHU Yan1, 2, 3, Miles Dyck4, CAI Huan-jie1, 2, 3, SONG Li-bing1, 2, 3, CHEN Hui1, 2, 3 |
1 Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education/Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, P.R.China
2 Institute of Water-saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China (IWSA), Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, P.R.China
3 College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, P.R.China
4 Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G2E3, Canada |
|
|
|
|
Abstract To ameliorate soil oxygen deficiencies around subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) drippers, aerated irrigation (AI) was introduced to supply aerated water to the soil through venturi installed in the SDI pipeline. The objectives of this study were to assess the effects of AI on soil respiration (SR), air-filled porosity (AFP), soil temperature (ST), and oxygen concentrations (OCC). Total soil respiration (TSR), biological activity temperature index (BAT), and soil oxygen consumption (OCS) based on SR, ST, and OCC, respectively, were subsequently calculated to explore the relationships between TSR, BAT, OCS, OCC, and AFP. Greenhouse-based experiments included two treatments: AI and unaerated SDI (CK), during the tomato growing season in the fall of 2015. The results showed that compared with CK, AI treatment significantly increased OCC and AFP (by 16 and 7.4%, respectively), as well as TSR and OCS (by 24.21 and 22.91%, respectively) (P<0.05). Mean fruit yield with AI treatment was also 23% higher (P<0.05) than that with CK. When BAT was controlled, partial correlations between TSR, OCS, OCC, and AFP were all significant in the AI treatment but not in the CK treatment. TSR was more sensitive to the interaction effects of OCC, OCS, AFP, and BAT under the AI treatment. Thus, the significantly increased TSR with AI appeared to be due to the favorable soil aeration conditi ons (higher OCC and AFP). Furthermore, the improvements in soil aeration conditions and respiration with AI appeared to facilitate the improvement in fruit yields, which also suggests the economic benefits of AI.
|
|
Received: 03 August 2018
Accepted:
|
| Fund: This study was funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFC0400200 and 2016YFC0400201) and the Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities “111 Project”, China (B12007). |
|
Corresponding Authors:
Correspondence CAI Huan-jie, Tel: +86-29-87082133, Fax: +86-29-87082901, E-mail: huanjiec@yahoo.com
|
| About author: ZHU Yan, Mobile: +86-15249044238, E-mail: zhuyan2015@nwsuaf.edu.cn; |
Cite this article:
ZHU Yan, Miles Dyck, CAI Huan-jie, SONG Li-bing, CHEN Hui.
2019.
The effects of aerated irrigation on soil respiration, oxygen, and porosity. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 18(12): 2854-2868.
|
Atkin O K, Edwards E J, Loveys B R. 2000. Response of root respiration to changes in temperature and its relevance to global warming. New Phytologist, 147, 141–154.
Bajracharya R, Lal R, Kimble J. 2000. Diurnal and seasonal CO-C flux from soil as related to erosion phases in central ohio. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 64, 286–293.
Barber S, Katupitiya A, Hickey M. 2001. Effects of long-term subsurface drip irrigation on soil structure. Proceedings of the 10th Australian Agronomy Conference. Hobart, Tasmania.
Benjamin J G, Nielsen D C, Vigil M F. 2003. Quantifying effects of soil conditions on plant growth and crop production. Geoderma, 116, 137–148.
Ben-Noah I, Friedman S P. 2016a. Aeration of clayey soils by injecting air through subsurface drippers: Lysimetric and field experiments. Agricultural Water Management, 176, 222–233.
Ben-Noah I, Friedman S P. 2016b. Oxygation of clayey soils by adding hydrogen peroxide to the irrigation solution: Lysimetric experiments. Rhizosphere, 2, 1–11.
Bhattarai S P, Dhungel J, Midmore D J. 2010a. Oxygation improves yield and quality and minimizes internal fruit crack of cucurbits on a heavy clay soil in the semi-arid tropics. Journal of Agricultural Science, 2, 17–25.
Bhattarai S P, Huber S, Midmore D J. 2004. Aerated subsurface irrigation water gives growth and yield benefits to zucchini, vegetable soybean and cotton in heavy clay soils. Annals of Applied Biology, 144, 285–298.
Bhattarai S P, Midmore D J, Pendergast L. 2008. Yield, water-use efficiencies and root distribution of soybean, chickpea and pumpkin under different subsurface drip irrigation depths and oxygation treatments in vertisols. Irrigation Science, 26, 439–450.
Bhattarai S P, Midmore D J, Su N. 2010b. Sustainable irrigation to balance supply of soil water, oxygen, nutrients and agro-chemicals. Sustainable Agriculture Reviews, 5, 253–286.
Bhattarai S P, Pendergast L, Midmore D J. 2006. Root aeration improves yield and water use efficiency of tomato in heavy clay and saline soils. Scientia Horticulturae, 108, 278–288.
Bhattarai S P, Su N, Midmore D J. 2005. Oxygation unlocks yield potentials of crops in oxygen-limited soil environments. Advances in Agronomy, 88, 313–377.
Bradford K, Yang S. 1981. Physiological responses of plants to waterlogging. HortScience, 16, 25–30.
Bresler E. 1977. Trickle-drip irrigation: Principles and application to soil-water management. Advances in Agronomy, 29, 343–393.
Buchmann N. 2000. Biotic and abiotic factors controlling soil respiration rates in Picea abies stands. Soil Biology and Biochemstriy, 32, 1625–1635.
Camp C R. 1998. Subsurface drip irrigation: A review. Transactions of the ASAE, 41, 1353.
Camp C R, Lamm F R, Evans R G, Phene C J. 2000. Subsurface drip irrigation-past, present, and future, National irrigation symposium. In: Proceedings of the 4th Decennial Symposium. American Society of Agricultural Engineers, USA. pp. 363–372.
Chen H, Hou H J, Hu H W, Shang Z H, Zhu Y, Cai H J, Qaisar S. 2018a. Aeration of different irrigation levels affects net global warming potential and carbon footprint for greenhouse tomato systems. Scientia Horticulturae, 242, 10–19.
Chen H, Hou H J, Wang X Y, Zhu Y, Qaisar S, Wang Y F, Cai H J. 2018b. The effects of aeration and irrigation regimes on soil CO2 and N2O emissions in a greenhouse tomato production system. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 17, 449–460.
Chen W, Jia X, Zha T, Wu B, Zhang Y, Li C, Chen G. 2013. Soil respiration in a mixed urban forest in China in relation to soil temperature and water content. European Journal of Soil Biology, 54, 63–68.
Chen X, Dhungel J, Bhattarai S P, Torabi M, Pendergast L, Midmore D J. 2010. Impact of oxygation on soil respiration, yield and water use efficiency of three crop species. Journal of Plant Ecology, 4, 236–248.
Davidson E A, Belk E, Boone R D. 1998. Soil water content and temperature as independent or confounded factors controlling soil respiration in a temperate mixed hardwood forest. Global Change Biology, 4, 217–227.
Dhungel J, Bhattarai S P, Midmore D J. 2012. Aerated water irrigation (oxygation) benefits to pineapple yield, water use efficiency and crop health. Advances in Horticultural Science, 26, 3–16.
Du Y, Niu W, Gu X, Zhang Q, Cui B, Zhao Y. 2018. Crop yield and water use efficiency under aerated irrigation: A meta-analysis. Agricultural Water Management, 210, 158–164.
Friedman S P, Naftaliev B. 2012. A survey of the aeration status of drip-irrigated orchards. Agricultural Water Management, 115, 132–147.
Gaertig T, Schack-Kirchner H, Hildebrand E E, Wilpert K. 2002. The impact of soil aeration on oak decline in southwestern Germany. Forest Ecology and Management, 159, 15–25.
Guan D, Zhang Y, Al-Kaisi M M, Wang Q, Zhang M, Li Z. 2015. Tillage practices effect on root distribution and water use efficiency of winter wheat under rain-fed condition in the North China Plain. Soil & Tillage Research, 146, 286–295.
Hou H, Chen H, Cai H, Yang F, Li D, Wang F. 2016. CO2 and N2O emissions from Lou soils of greenhouse tomato fields under aerated irrigation. Atmospheric Environment, 132, 69–76.
Kläring H P, Zude M. 2009. Sensing of tomato plant response to hypoxia in the root environment. Scientia Horticulturae, 122, 17–25.
Klepper B. 1991. Crop root system response to irrigation. Irrigation Science, 12, 105–108.
Kutsch W L, Staack A, Wötzel J, Middelhoff U, Kappen L. 2001. Field measurements of root respiration and total soil respiration in an alder forest. New Phytologist, 150, 157–168.
Li Y, Niu W, Wang J, Liu L, Zhang M, Xu J. 2016a. Effects of artificial soil aeration volume and frequency on soil enzyme activity and microbial abundance when cultivating greenhouse tomato. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 80, 1208–1221.
Li Y, Niu W, Xu J, Wang J, Zhang M, Lv W. 2016b. Root morphology of greenhouse produced muskmelon under sub-surface drip irrigation with supplemental soil aeration. Scientia Horticulturae, 201, 287–294.
Liu W, Zhang Z, Wan S. 2009. Predominant role of water in regulating soil and microbial respiration and their responses to climate change in a semiarid grassland. Global Change Biology, 15, 184–195.
Liu X, Wan S, Su B, Hui D, Luo Y. 2002. Response of soil CO2 efflux to water manipulation in a tallgrass prairie ecosystem. Plant and Soil, 240, 213–223.
Loch R, Grant C, McKenzie D, Raine S. 2005. Improving plants water use efficiency and potential impacts from soil structure change - Research investment opportunities. In: Final Report to the National Program for Sustainable Irrigation. Cooperative Research Centre for Irrigation Futures, Toowoomba, Australia. pp. 1–31.
Luo Y, Zhou X. 2006. Soil Respiration and the Environment. Academic Press, London.
Machado R M, Do RosArio M, Oliveira G, Portas C A. 2003. Tomato root distribution, yield and fruit quality under subsurface drip irrigation. Plant and Soil, 255, 333–341.
McMichael B, Burke J. 1998. Soil temperature and root growth. HortScience, 33, 947–951.
Meng L, Ding W, Cai Z, Qin S. 2005. Storage of soil organic C and soil respiration as effected by long-term quantitative fertilization. Advance in Earth Sciences, 20, 687–692. (in Chinese)
Muñoz-Rojas M, Lewandrowski W, Erickson T E, Dixon K W, Merritt D J. 2016. Soil respiration dynamics in fire affected semi-arid ecosystems: Effects of vegetation type and environmental factors. Science of the Total Environment, 572, 1385–1394.
Pendergast L, Bhattarai S P, Midmore D J. 2014. Benefits of oxygation of subsurface drip-irrigation water for cotton in a Vertosol. Crop and Pasture Science, 64, 1171–1181.
Pietikäinen J, Pettersson M, Bååth E. 2005. Comparison of temperature effects on soil respiration and bacterial and fungal growth rates. FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 52, 49–58.
Sun S K, Wu P T, Wang Y B, Zhao X N, Liu J, Zhang X H. 2013. The impacts of interannual climate variability and agricultural inputs on water footprint of crop production in an irrigation district of China. Science of the Total Environment, 444, 498–507.
Van’t Hoff J. 1899. Influence of temperature on velocity in dilute homogeneous systems. In: Lectures on Theoretical and Physical Chemistry, Chemical Dynamics. Edward Arnold Ltd., Oxford, London. pp. 230–235.
Watson G W, Kelsey P. 2006. The impact of soil compaction on soil aeration and fine root density of Quercus palustris. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 4, 69–74.
Weltecke K, Gaertig T. 2012. Influence of soil aeration on rooting and growth of the Beuys-trees in Kassel, Germany. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 11, 329–338.
Wien H C. 1997. The Physiology of Vegetable Crops. CAB International, Wallingford, England.
Wolf B. 1999. The Fertile Triangle: The Interrelationship of Air, Water, and Nutrients in Maximizing Soil Productivity. CRC Press, New York, United States.
Xu L, Baldocchi D D, Tang J. 2004. How soil moisture, rain pulses, and growth alter the response of ecosystem respiration to temperature. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 18, doi: 10.1029/2004GB002281
Xu M, Qi Y. 2001. Soil-surface CO2 efflux and its spatial and temporal variations in a young ponderosa pine plantation in northern California. Global Change Biology, 7, 667–677.
Yan M, Zhou G, Zhang X. 2014. Effects of irrigation on the soil CO2 efflux from different poplar clone plantations in arid northwest China. Plant and Soil, 375, 89–97.
Zhang L H, Chen Y N, Zhao R F, Li W H. 2010. Significance of temperature and soil water content on soil respiration in three desert ecosystems in Northwest China. Journal of Arid Environments, 74, 1200–1211.
Zhao W X, Cai H J, Shan Z J, Chen X M, Wang J. 2009. High yield indicators of greenhouse tomato under non-pressure irrigation. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 25, 16–21. (in Chinese)
Zhu Y, Cai H J, Song L B, Chen H. 2017. Oxygation improving soil aeration around tomato root zone in greenhouse. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 21, 163–172. (in Chinese)
Zhu Y, Cai H J, Song L B, Hou H J, Chen H. 2016. Effects of climatic factors and soil parameters on soil respiration under oxygation conditions. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery, 47, 223–232. (in Chinese) |
| No Suggested Reading articles found! |
|
|
Viewed |
|
|
|
Full text
|
|
|
|
|
Abstract
|
|
|
|
|
Cited |
|
|
|
|
| |
Shared |
|
|
|
|
| |
Discussed |
|
|
|
|
