|
|
|
|
|
| Invasion biology of the cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley: Current knowledge and future directions |
| TONG Hao-jie, AO Yan, LI Zi-hao, WANG Ying, JIANG Ming-xing |
Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R.China
|
|
|
|
|
Abstract The cotton mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), which is native to North America, emerged as a major invasive insect pest of multiple crops in Asia at the beginning of the 21st century. Considering the economic significance of this insect and its rapid worldwide spread, we examined the possible factors driving its invasions. In this paper, we summarize the life history traits of P. solenopsis conceivably related to population development in invaded regions; these traits include its use of diverse host plants, reproductive capacity and mode, adaptation to temperature, response to food shortage, and insecticidal resistance. Then, focusing on the multiple trophic interactions that may promote or hinder invasion, we review the mutualistic relationship of this mealybug with ants and predation and parasitism by natural enemies. Finally, we suggest topics for future research and provide our perspective on the biological invasions of this mealybug. We speculate that specific biological factors associated with this mealybug, particularly its wide host range, high reproductive potential, evolved changes in life history traits, and mutualism with ants have played important roles in its invasions, allowing this pest to become established and rapidly increase its population upon its introduction into new regions.
|
|
Received: 10 October 2017
Accepted:
|
| Fund: This work was financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFC1200600). |
|
Corresponding Authors:
Correspondence JIANG Ming-xing, E-mail: mxjiang@zju.edu.cn
|
Cite this article:
TONG Hao-jie, AO Yan, LI Zi-hao, WANG Ying, JIANG Ming-xing.
2019.
Invasion biology of the cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley: Current knowledge and future directions. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 18(4): 758-770.
|
Abbas G, Arif M J, Ashfaq M, Aslam M, Saeed S. 2010. Host plants distribution and overwintering of cotton mealybug (Phenacoccus solenopsis; Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). International Journal of Agriculture & Biology, 12, 421–425.
Abbas G, Arif M J, Saeed S. 2005. Systematic status of a new species of the genus Phenacoccus Cockerell (Pseudococcidae), a serious pest of cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., in Pakistan. Pakistan Entomologist, 27, 83–84.
Abbas G, Arif M J, Saleem M S, Shah F. 2012. Studies on biology of Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Punjab, Pakistan - a pest of cotton and other crops. Pakistan Entomologist, 34, 131–136.
Aggarwal N N. 2014. Predatory efficiency of Cheilomenes sexmaculata (Fabricius) and Chrysoperla zastrowi sillemi (Esben-Petersen) on cotton mealy bug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley under laboratory conditions. Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica, 49, 73–81.
Aheer G M, Shah Z, Saeed M. 2009. Seasonal history and biology of cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley. Journal of Agricultural Research, 47, 23.
Ahmad M, Akhtar S. 2016. Development of resistance to insecticides in the invasive mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Pakistan. Crop Protection, 88, 96–102.
Ahmed M Z, Ma J, Qiu B L, He R R, Wu M T, Liang F, Zhao J P, Lin L, Hu X N, Lv L H. 2015. Genetic record for a recent invasion of Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Asia. Environmental Entomology, 44, 907–918.
Ali A, Hameed A, Saleem M, Khalil N, Saeed M, Malik N A. 2012. Effect of temperature and relative humidity on the biology of cotton mealybug (Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley). Journal of Agricultural Research, 50, 89–101.
Ali M, Perveen R, Yousuf M J, Khawja S, Amin M. 2014. Predatory potential of five coccinellid predators against cotton mealy bug Phenacoccus solenopsis (Tinsley) in laboratory and field conditions from Sindh, Pakistan. Pakistan Entomologist, 36, 7–12.
Arif M I, Rafiq M, Ghaffar A. 2009. Host plants of cotton mealybug (Phenacoccus solenopsis): A new menace to cotton agroecosystem of Punjab, Pakistan. International Journal of Agriculture & Biology, 11, 163–167.
Arif M I, Rafiq M, Wazir S, Mehmood N, Ghaffar A. 2012. Studies on cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis (Pseudococcidae: Homoptera), and its natural enemies in Punjab, Pakistan. International Journal of Agriculture & Biology, 14, 557–562.
Arif M J, Gogi M D, Abid A M, Imran M, Shahid M R, Hussain S, Arshad M. 2011. Predatory potential of some native coccinellid predators against Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsely (Pseudococcidae: Hemiptera). Pakistan Entomologist, 33, 97–103.
Arve S S, Patel K G, Chavan S M, Vidhate P K. 2011. Investigation on population dynamics of hibiscus mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley in relation to biotic factors under south Gujarat condition. Journal of Biopesticides, 4, 211–213.
Ashfaq M, Shah G S, Noor A R, Ansari S P, Mansoor S. 2010. Report of a parasitic wasp (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) parasitizing cotton mealybug (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Pakistan and use of PCR for estimating parasitism levels. Biocontrol Science and Technology, 20, 625–630.
Attia A R, Ebrahim A M. 2015. Biological studies on the predator Dicrodlosis manihoti Harris (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) on the mealy bug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Egyptian Journal of Pest Control, 25, 565–568.
Ballal C R, Gupta T, Joshi S. 2012. Predatory potential of two indigenous anthocorid predators on Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley and Paracoccus marginatus Williams and Granara de Willink. Journal of Biological Control, 26, 18–22.
Barber N A, Marquis R J, Tori W P. 2008. Invasive prey impacts the abundance and distribution of native predators. Ecology, 89, 2678–2683.
Cabrera-Guzman E, Diaz-Paniagua C, Gomez-Mestre I. 2017. Competitive and predatory interactions between invasive mosquitofish and native larval newts. Biologica Invasions, 19, 1449–1460.
Caliskan A F, Hayat M, Ulusoy M R, Kaydan M B. 2016. Parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) of an invasive mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Turkey. Turkiye Entomoloji Dergisi-Turkish Journal of Entomology, 40, 133–148.
Charleston K, Murray D. 2010. Exotic mealybug species - a major new pest in cotton. Queensland government. The Beatsheet. [2018-06-19]. https://thebeatsheet.com.au/exotic-mealybug-species-a-major-new-pest-in-cotton/
Chen H S, Yang L, Huang L F, Wang W L, Hu Y, Jiang J J, Zhou Z S. 2015. Temperature- and relative humidity-dependent life history traits of Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (Malvales: Malvaceae). Environmental Entomology, 44, 1230–1239.
Chen H Y, Cao R X, Xu Z F. 2010. First record of Aenasius bambawalei Hayat (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), a parasitoid of the mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) from China. Journal of Environmental Entomology, 32, 280–282. (in Chinese)
Chen H Y, He L F, Zheng C H, Pan L, Yi Q H, Xu Z F. 2011b. Survey on the natural enemies of mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) from Guangdong and Hainan, China. Journal of Environmental Entomology, 33, 269–272. (in Chinese)
Chen H Y, Liu J X, Xu Z F. 2011a. Description of a new platygastrid parasitoid Allotropa phenacocca (Hymenoptera) on Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Oriental Insects, 45, 275–280.
Cheng S J, Zeng L, Xu Y J. 2013. Effect of the mutualism between Solenopsis invicta (Hymmenoptera: Formicidae) and Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Aenasius bambawalei Hayat and Echinothrips americanus Morgan. Journal of Environmental Entomology, 35, 555–559. (in Chinese)
Cheng S J, Zeng L, Xu Y J. 2015. Mutualism between fire ants and mealybugs reduces lady beetle predation. Journal of Economic Entomology, 108, 1560–1569.
Cui Z F, Cao F Q, Lin J T, Chen L S, Peng Z Q, Wan F H, Liu W X. 2015. Predation of Propylaea japonica Thunberg to Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley. Journal of Environmental Entomology, 37, 834–842. (in Chinese)
DAF (Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Queensland Government). 2012. Managing insect pests in field crops. [2017-10-06]. http://www.daff.qld.gov.au/plants/field-crops-and-pastures/broadacre-field-crops/integrated-pest-management/a-z-insect-pest-list/mealybug/solenopsis-mealybug
Diaz F, Munoz-Valencia V, Juvinao-Quintero D L, Manzano-Martinez M R, Toro-Perea N, Cardenas-Henao H, Hoffmann A A. 2014. Evidence for adaptive divergence of thermal responses among Bemisia tabaci populations from tropical Colombia following a recent invasion. Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 27, 1160–1171.
Duyck P F, David P, Quilici S. 2004. A review of relationships between interspecific competition and invasions in fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae). Ecologcial Entomology, 29, 511–520.
Fallahzadeh M, Japoshvili G, Abdimaleki R, Saghaei N. 2014. New records of Tetracneminae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Encyrtidae) from Iran. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 38, 515–518.
Fand B B, Gautam R D, Suroshe S S. 2010. Comparative biology of four coccinellid predators of solenopsis mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Journal of Biological Control, 24, 35–41.
Fand B B, Suroshe S S. 2015. The invasive mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley, a threat to tropical and subtropical agricultural and horticultural production systems - a review. Crop Protection, 69, 34–43.
Fand B B, Tonnang H E Z, Kumar M, Kamble A L, Bal S K. 2014. A temperature-based phenology model for predicting development, survival and population growth potential of the mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Crop Protection, 55, 98–108.
Feng D D, Li P, Zhou Z S, Xu Z F. 2014. Parasitism potential of Aenasius bambawalei on the invasive mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis. Biocontrol Science & Technology, 24, 1333–1338.
Feng D D, Michaud J P, Li P, Zhou Z S, Xu Z F. 2015. The native ant, Tapinoma melanocephalum, improves the survival of an invasive mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis, by defending it from parasitoids. Scientific Reports, 5, 15691.
Fuchs T W, Stewart J W, Minzenmayer R, Rose M. 1991. First record of Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley in cultivated cotton in the United States. Southwestern Entomologist, 16, 215–221.
Gao Y, Huang J, Wang Z H, Wen Y Q, Zhong S. 2014. Control efficiency of Aenasius bambawalei Hayat (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) on Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Wuyi Science Journal, 30, 146–153. (in Chinese)
Grapputo A, Boman S, Lindström L, Lyytinen A, Mappes J. 2005. The voyage of an invasive species across continents: genetic diversity of North American and European Colorado potato beetle populations. Molecular Ecology, 14, 4207–4219.
Guan X, Lu Y Y, Zeng L. 2011. Biology of mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley from Guangzhou fed on cotton. China Cotton, 38, 11–13. (in Chinese)
Guan X, Lu Y Y, Zeng L. 2012. Study on developmental durations and fecundity of Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley on four species of hosts. Agricultural Science & Technology, 13, 408–411. (in Chinese)
Guan X, Lu Y Y, Zeng L, Wang L. 2009. Supercooling points and freezing points of mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley. Journal of Environmental Entomology, 31, 381–384. (in Chinese)
Hameed A, Saleem H M, Ahmad S, Iqbal J, Karar H, Amin A. 2013. Predatory potential and life history characteristics of eleven spotted beetle, Coccinella undecimpunctata L. reared on cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 45, 1555–1562.
Hodgson C J, Abbas G, Arif M J, Saeed S, Karar H. 2008. Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae), an invasive mealybug damaging cotton in Pakistan and India, with a discussion on seasonal morphological variation. Zootaxa, 1913, 1–35.
Huang F, Wang F F, Zhang Z J, Li W D, Lv Y B. 2014a. EPG analysis of feeding behavior of the solenopsis mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) before and after host shift. Acta Entomologica Sinica, 57, 503–508. (in Chinese)
Huang F, Zhang J M, Zhang P J, Lv Y B. 2013. Reproduction of the solenopsis mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis: males play an important role. Journal of Insect Science, 13, 1–12.
Huang F, Zhang P J, Zhang J M, Zhu Y Y, Lv Y B, Zhang Z J. 2011. Effects of three host plants on the development and reproduction of Phenacoccus solenopsis. Plant Protection, 17, 43–54. (in Chinese)
Huang F, Zhang Z J, Li W D, Lin W C, Zhang P J, Zhang J M, Bei Y W, He Y P, Lv Y B. 2014b. Host plant probing analysis reveals quick settlement of the solenopsis mealybug during host shift. Journal of Economic Entomology, 107, 1419–1425.
Huang J, Lv Y B, Zhang J, Huang F, Bei Y W. 2012. Parasitic functional response of Aenasius bambawalei Hayat (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) to Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Acta Entomologica Sinica, 55, 1418–1423. (in Chinese)
Jaworski C C, Bompard A, Genies L, Amiens-Desneux E, Desneux N. 2013. Preference and prey switching in a generalist predator attacking local and invasive alien pests. PLoS ONE, 8, e82231.
Johnson R N, Starks P T. 2004. A surprising level of genetic diversity in an invasive wasp: Polistes dominulus in the Northeastern United States. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 97, 732–737.
Joshi S, Rameshkumar A, Mohanraj P. 2017. New host-parasitoid associations for some coccids (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) from India. Journal of Entomological Research, 41, 177–182.
Kaur H, Virk J S. 2012. Feeding potential of Cryptolaemus montrouzieri against the mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis. Phytoparasitica, 40, 131–136.
Kedar S C, Saini R K, Ram P. 2011. Record of coccinellid predators associated with solenopsis mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) from Haryana. Journal of Entomological Research, 35, 245–246.
Kelley A L. 2014. The role thermal physiology plays in species invasion. Conservation Physiology, 2, cou045.
Khan H A A, Sayyed A H, Akram W, Raza S, Ali M. 2012. Predatory potential of Chrysoperla carnea and Cryptolaemus montrouzieri larvae on different stages of the mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis: A threat to cotton in South Asia. Journal of Insect Science, 12, 1–12.
Kononov A, Ustyantsev K, Blinov A, Fet V, Baranchikov Y N. 2016. Genetic diversity of aboriginal and invasive populations of four-eyed fir bark beetle Polygraphus proximus Blandford (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae). Agricultural and Forest Entomology, 18, 294–301.
Kumar R, Kranthi K R, Monga D, Jat S L. 2009. Natural parasitization of Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on cotton by Aenasius bambawalei Hayat (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). Journal of Biological Control, 23, 457–461.
Kumar S, Sidhu J K, Hamm J C, Kular J S, Mahal M S. 2013. Effects of temperature and relative humidity on the life table of Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on cotton. Florida Entomologist, 96, 19–28.
Kumashiro B R, Heu R A, Nishida G M, Beardsley J W. 2001. New state records of immigrant insects in the Hawaiian islands for the year 1999. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 35, 170–184.
Li H, Lang K L, Fu H B, Shen C P, Wan F H, Chu D. 2015. Analysis of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from a normalized cDNA library and isolation of EST simple sequence repeats from the invasive cotton mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis. Insect Science, 22, 761–767.
Loh R, David J R, Debat V, Bitner-Mathe B C. 2008. Adaptation to different climates results in divergent phenotypic plasticity of wing size and shape in an invasive drosophilid. Journal of Genetics, 87, 209–217.
Lu Y Y, Guan X, Zeng L. 2011. Effect of temperature on the development of the mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Scientific Research & Essays, 6, 6459–6464.
Ma C L, Wang D S, Teng H Y, Yuan Y D, Zhang T S, Chang X L. 2016. Feeding preference and host fitness of Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley larvae for different host vegetables. Journal of Environmental Entomology, 38, 690–697. (in Chinese)
McCue M D. 2010. Starvation physiology: Reviewing the different strategies animals use to survive a common challenge. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology (A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology), 156, 1–18.
Monzo C, Juan-Blasco M, Pekar S, Molla O, Castanera P, Urbaneja A. 2013. Pre-adaptive shift of a native predator (Araneae, Zodariidae) to an abundant invasive ant species (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Biological Invasions, 15, 89–100.
Nagrare V S, Kranthi S, Biradar V K, Zade N N, Sangode V, Kakde G, Shukla R M, Shivare D, Khadi B M, Kranthi K R. 2009. Widespread infestation of the exotic mealybug species, Phenacoccus solenopsis (Tinsley) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), on cotton in India. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 99, 537–541.
Nagrare V S, Kranthi S, Kumar R, Dharajothi B, Amutha M, Deshmukh A J, Bisane K D, Kranthi K R. 2011. Compendium of Cotton Mealybugs. Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur. p. 42.
Nelson D W M, Crossland M R, Shine R. 2010. Indirect ecological impacts of an invasive toad on predator-prey interactions among native species. Biological Invasions, 12, 3363–3369.
Nguy?n T C, Hu?nh T M C. 2008. The mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley damaged on ornamental plants at HCM City and surrounding areas. T?p Chí B?o v? Th?c V?t, 37, 3–5.
Phillips B L, Shine R. 2006. An invasive species induces rapid adaptive change in a native predator: Cane toads and black snakes in Australia. Proceedings of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences, 273, 1545–1550.
Piiroinen S, Lindstrom L, Lyytinen A, Mappes J, Chen Y H, Izzo V, Grapputo A. 2013. Pre-invasion history and demography shape the genetic variation in the insecticide resistance-related acetylcholinesterase 2 gene in the invasive Colorado potato beetle. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 13, 13.
Prasad Y G, Prabhakar M, Sreedevi G, Rao G R, Venkateswarlu B. 2012. Effect of temperature on development, survival and reproduction of the mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on cotton. Crop Protection, 39, 81–88.
Ram P, Saini R K. 2010. Biological control of solenopsis mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley on cotton: A typical example of fortuitous biological control. Journal of Biological Control, 24, 104–109.
Rashid M M U, Khattak M K, Abdullah K, Amir M, Tariq M, Nawaz S. 2012. Feeding potential of Chrysoperla carnea and Cryptolaemus montrouzieri on cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis. Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 22, 639–643.
Saddiq B, Shad S A, Aslam M, Ijaz M, Abbas N. 2015. Monitoring resistance of Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) to new chemical insecticides in Punjab, Pakistan. Crop Protection, 74, 24–29.
Saddiq B, Shad S A, Khan H A A, Aslam M, Ejaz M, Afzal M B S. 2014. Resistance in the mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) in Pakistan to selected organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticides. Crop Protection, 66, 29–33.
Sahayaraj K, Kumar V, Avery P B. 2015. Functional response of Rhynocoris kumarii (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) to different population densities of Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) recorded in the laboratory. European Journal of Entomology, 112, 69–74.
Sahito H A, Abro G H, Mahmood R, Malik A Q. 2011. Survey of mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis (Tinsley) and effect of bio-ecological factors on its population in different ecological zones of Sindh. Pakistan Journal of Agriculture Agricultural Engineering Veterinary Sciences, 27, 51–65.
Sankar C, Marimuthu R, Saravanan P, Jeyakumar P, Tanwar R K, Sathyakumar S, Bambawale O M, Ramamurthy V V, Barik A. 2011. Predators and parasitoids of cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Perambalur district of Tamil Nadu. Journal of Biological Control, 25, 242–245.
Sartiami D, Watson G W, Roff M N M, Idris A B. 2016. Mealybugs (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) attacking Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. in Malaysia, with two new country records. American Institute of Physics Conference Series, 1784, 1–20.
Seyfollahi F, Esfandiari M, Mossadegh M S, Rasekh A. 2016. Life table parameters of the coccinellid Hyperaspis polita, a native predator in Iran, feeding on the invasive mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis. Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology, 19, 835–840.
Shahid M R, Arif M J, Gogi M D, Javed N. 2017. Host-plant-preference and mortality analysis of Phenacoccus solenopsis in association with biochemical traits of different plant species. International Journal of Agriculture & Biology, 19, 211–218.
Shera P S, Dhawan A K, Aneja A. 2010. Potential impact of ladybird beetle, Coccinella septumpunctata L. on cotton mealy bug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley and aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover. Journal of Entomological Research, 34, 139–142.
Singh V, Sood A K, Verma K S, Mehta P K, Sood S. 2016. Record of host plants and natural enemies of solenopsis mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley: A potential pest under protected cultivation in Himachal Pradesh. Bioscan, 11, 251–254.
Sirisena U G A I, Watson G W, Hemachandra K S, Wijayagunasekara H N P. 2012. Mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) introduced recently to Sri Lanka, with three new country records. Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 88, 365–367.
Sreedevi G, Prasad Y G, Prabhakar M, Rao G R, Vennila S, Venkateswarlu B. 2013. Bioclimatic thresholds, thermal constants and survival of mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in response to constant temperatures on Hibiscus. PLoS ONE, 8, e75636.
Styrsky J D, Eubanks M D. 2007. Ecological consequences of interactions between ants and honeydew-producing insects. Proceedings of the Royal Society (B: Biological Sciences), 274, 151–164.
Sunderland K, Samu F. 2000. Effects of agricultural diversification on the abundance, distribution, and pest control potential of spiders: A review. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 95, 1–13.
Suroshe S S, Gautam R D, Fand B B. 2013. Natural enemy complex associated with the mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) infesting different host plants in India. Journal of Biological Control, 27, 204–210.
Suroshe S S, Gautam R D, Fand B B. 2016. Biology of mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley on Parthenium. Indian Journal of Entomology, 78, 264–267.
Tabata J, Ichiki R T, Tanaka H, Kageyama D. 2016. Sexual versus asexual reproduction: Distinct outcomes in relative abundance of parthenogenetic mealybugs following recent colonization. PLoS ONE, 11, e0156587.
Thomas A, Ramamurthy V V. 2014. Morphological and molecular studies on the intraspecific variations between populations of the cotton mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Entomological News, 123, 339–347.
Tinsley J D. 1898a. An ants’-nest coccid from New Mexico. Canadian Entomologist, 30, 47–48.
Tinsley J D. 1898b. Notes on coccidae, with descriptions of new species. Canadian Entomologist, 30, 317–320.
Tsutsui N D, Suarez A V, Holway D A, Case T J. 2000. Reduced genetic variation and the success of an invasive species. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 97, 5948–5953.
Vennila S, Deshmukh A J, Pinjarkar D, Agarwal M, Ramamurthy V V, Joshi S, Kranthi K R, Bambawale O M. 2010. Biology of the mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis on cotton in the laboratory. Journal of Insect Science, 10, 115.
Vennila S, Prasad Y G, Prabhakar M, Agarwal M, Sreedevi G, Bambawale O M. 2013. Weed hosts of cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Journal of Environmental Biology, 34, 153–158.
Wang F F, Zhu Y Y, Huang F, Du L, Lu Y B. 2014. Effects of temperature on the development and reproduction of Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Acta Entomologica Sinica, 57, 436–442. (in Chinese)
Wang H, Coates B S, Chen H, Sappington T W, Guillemaud T, Siegfried B D. 2013a. Role of a gamma-aminobutryic acid (GABA) receptor mutation in the evolution and spread of Diabrotica virgifera virgifera resistance to cyclodiene insecticides. Insect Molecular Biology, 22, 473–484.
Wang J R, Li D Q, Xiong S H, Wei L L, Li S G, Luo G H, Shao B, Yang Z L. 2015. The host of Phenacoccus solenopsis in China mainland and a new record of Rubiaceae host. Plant Quarantine, 29, 27–31. (in Chinese)
Wang Q J, Gao Y, Chen T, Qi G J, Lu L H, He Y R. 2013b. Studies on fitness and potential hazard of the invasive mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley on five species of plants. Journal of Environmental Entomology, 35, 699–706. (in Chinese)
Wang Y P, Watson G W, Zhang R Z. 2010. The potential distribution of an invasive mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis and its threat to cotton in Asia. Agricultural and Forest Entomology, 12, 403–416.
Wang Y Y, Xu Z H, Zhang L L, Shen L Z, Fu S L. 2012. Developmental duration and life table of the laboratory population of Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) fed on pumpkin at different temperatures. Acta Entomologica Sinica, 55, 77–83. (in Chinese)
Watson G W, Chandler L R. 2000. Identification of Mealybugs Important in the Caribbean Region. 2nd ed. Commonwealth Science Council and CAB International, Wallingford, UK.
Wilder S M, Holway D A, Suarez A V, LeBrun E G, Eubanks M D. 2011. Intercontinental differences in resource use reveal the importance of mutualisms in fire ant invasions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 108, 20639–20644.
Williams D J, Granara de Willink M C. 1992. Mealybugs of Central and South America. Commonwealth Science Council and CAB International, Wallingford, UK. p. 635.
Wu F Z, Ma J, Hu X N, Zeng L. 2015. Homology difference analysis of invasive mealybug species Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley in Southern China with COI gene sequence variability. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 105, 32–39.
Wu S A, Zhang R Z. 2009. A new invasive pest, Phenacoccus solenopsis threatening seriously to cotton production. Chinese Bulletin of Entomology, 46, 159–162. (in Chinese)
Yang X M, Sun J T, Xue X F, Li J B, Hong X Y. 2012. Invasion genetics of the western flower thrips in China: Evidence for genetic bottleneck, hybridization and bridgehead effect. PLoS ONE, 7, e34567.
Yousuf M, Tayyib M, Shazia S. 2007. Mealybug problem on cotton in Pakistan. Pakistan Entomologist, 24, 49–50.
Zhang G W, Zhu Y Y, Zhang P J, Huang F, Lv Y B. 2015a. Effects of mating status on the development and oviposition in female mealybugs (Phenacoccus solenopsis). Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 27, 206–210. (in Chinese)
Zhang P J, Huang F, Zhang J M, Wei J N, Lv Y B. 2015b. The mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis suppresses plant defense responses by manipulating JA-SA crosstalk. Scientific Reports, 5, 9354.
Zhang P J, Zhu X Y, Huang F, Liu Y, Zhang J M, Lv Y B, Ruan Y M. 2011. Suppression of jasmonic acid-dependent defense in cotton plant by the mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis. PLoS ONE, 6, e22378.
Zhang R Z, Wang F X. 2010. The Cotton Mealybug, Phenacoccus Solenopsis Tinsley. China Agriculture Press, Beijing. (in Chinese)
Zhao R Y, Zhang M C, Ruan Y M. 2016. A case of facultative deuterotoky in cotton mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Jinhua population under laboratory. Journal of Environmental Entomology, 38, 685–689. (in Chinese)
Zheng T, Cui X H, Wang T, Xu X H, Xu D C. 2011. Effects of starvation on survival rate and oviposition of the invasive mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Journal of Biosafety, 20, 239–242. (in Chinese)
Zhou A M, Bi J Q, Xu J X, Wang M Q. 2015a. Effects of the invasive plant Eupatorium adenophorum on the exotic mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) and their natural enemies. Agricultural and Forest Entomology, 17, 389–399.
Zhou A M, Kuang B Q, Gao Y R. 2015b. Does the host plant affect the benefits from mutualisms? The invasive mealybug and ghost ant association. Ecological Entomology, 40, 782–786.
Zhou A M, Kuang B Q, Gao Y R, Liang G W. 2015c. Density-dependent benefits in ant-Hemipteran mutualism? The case of the ghost ant Tapinoma melanocephalum (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and the invasive mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). PLoS ONE, 10, e0123885.
Zhou A M, Kuang B Q, Gao Y R, Wang M Q. 2016. Ant tending impairs performance of Aenasius bambawalei by manipulating the honeydew composition produced by Phenacoccus solenopsis. Journal of Applied Entomology, 140, 268–276.
Zhou A M, Liang G W, Lu Y Y, Zeng L, Xu Y J. 2014a. Interspecific competition between the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren and ghost ant, Tapinoma melanocephalum Fabricius for honeydew resources produced by an invasive mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley. Arthropod-Plant Interactions, 8, 469–474.
Zhou A M, Liang G W, Zeng L, Lu Y Y, Xu Y J. 2014b. Interactions between ghost ants and invasive mealybugs: The case of Tapinoma melanocephalum (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Florida Entomologist, 97, 1474–1480.
Zhou A M, Lu Y Y, Zeng L, Xu Y J, Liang G W. 2012a. Does mutualism drive the invasion of two alien species? The case of Solenopsis invicta and Phenacoccus solenopsis. PLoS ONE, 7, e41856.
Zhou A M, Lu Y Y, Zeng L, Xu Y J, Liang G W. 2012b. Effects of honeydew of Phenacoccus solenopsis on foliar foraging by Solenopsis invcta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Sociobiology, 59, 71–79.
Zhou A M, Lu Y Y, Zeng L, Xu Y J, Liang G W. 2013a. Effect of host plants on honeydew production of an invasive mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Journal of Insect Behavior, 26, 191–199.
Zhou A M, Lu Y Y, Zeng L, Xu Y J, Liang G W. 2013b. Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), defend Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) against its natural enemies. Environmental Entomology, 42, 247–252.
Zhou A M, Qu X B, Shan L F, Wang X. 2017. Temperature warming strengthens the mutualism between ghost ants and invasive mealybugs. Scientific Reports, 7, 959.
Zhou A M, Zeng L, Lu Y Y, Xu Y J, Liang G W. 2012c. Fire ants protect mealybugs against their natural enemies by utilizing the leaf shelters constructed by the leaf roller Sylepta derogata. PLoS ONE, 7, e49982. |
| No Suggested Reading articles found! |
|
|
Viewed |
|
|
|
Full text
|
|
|
|
|
Abstract
|
|
|
|
|
Cited |
|
|
|
|
| |
Shared |
|
|
|
|
| |
Discussed |
|
|
|
|
