|
|
|
|
|
| Combined effect of shading time and nitrogen level on grain filling and grain quality in japonica super rice |
| WEI Hai-yan, ZHU Ying, QIU Shi, HAN Chao, HU Lei, XU Dong, ZHOU Nian-bing, XING Zhi-peng, HU Ya-jie, CUI Pei-yuan, DAI Qi-gen, ZHANG Hong-cheng |
| Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P.R.China |
|
|
|
|
Abstract There is limited information about the combined effect of shading time and nitrogen (N) on grain filling and quality of rice. Therefore, two japonica super rice cultivars, Nanjing 44 and Ningjing 3, were used to study the effect of shading time and N level on the characteristics of rice panicle and grain filling as well as the corresponding yield and quality. At a low N level (150 kg N ha–1, 150N), grain yield decreased (by 21.07–26.07%) under the treatment of 20 days of shading before heading (BH) compared with the no shading (NS) treatment. These decreases occurred because of shortened panicle length, decreased number of primary and secondary branches, as well as the grain number and weight per panicle. At 150N, in the treatment of 20 days of shading after heading (AH), grain yield also decreased (by 9.46–10.60%) due to the lower grain weight per panicle. The interaction of shading and N level had a significant effect on the number of primary and secondary branches. A high level of N (300 kg N ha–1, 300N) could offset the negative effect of shading on the number of secondary branches and grain weight per panicle, and consequently increased the grain yield in both shading treatments. In superior grains, compared with 150N NS, the time to reach 99% of the grain weight (T99) was shortened by 1.6 to 1.7 days, and the grain weight was decreased by 4.18–5.91% in 150N BH. In 150N AH, the grain weight was 13.39–13.92% lower than that in 150N NS due to the slow mean and the maximum grain-filling rate (GRmean and GRmax). In inferior grains, grain weight and GRmean had a tendency of 150N NS>150N BH>150N AH. Under shaded conditions, 300N decreased the grain weight due to lower GRmean both in superior and inferior grains. Compared with 150N NS, the milling and appearance qualities as well as eating and cooking quality were all decreased in 150N BH and 150N AH. Shading with the high level of 300N improved the milling quality and decreased the number of chalky rice kernels, but the eating and cooking quality was reduced with increased chalky area and overall chalkiness. Therefore, in the case of short term shading, appropriate N fertilizer could be used to improve the yield and milling quality of rice, but limited application of N fertilizer is recommended to achieve good eating and cooking quality of rice.
|
|
Received: 19 January 2018
Accepted:
|
| Fund: We are grateful for grants from the National Key Technology R&D Program of China (2016YFD0300503), the Key Research Program of Jiangsu Province, China (BE2016344), the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System (CARS-01-27), the National Nature Science Foundation of China (31701350), the Program for Scientific Elitists of Yangzhou University, China, and a project funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, China. |
|
Corresponding Authors:
Correspondence ZHANG Hong-cheng, Tel/Fax: +86-514-87979220, E-mail: hczhang@yzu.edu.cn
|
Cite this article:
WEI Hai-yan, ZHU Ying, QIU Shi, HAN Chao, HU Lei, XU Dong, ZHOU Nian-bing, XING Zhi-peng, HU Ya-jie, CUI Pei-yuan, DAI Qi-gen, ZHANG Hong-cheng.
2018.
Combined effect of shading time and nitrogen level on grain filling and grain quality in japonica super rice. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 17(11): 2405-2417.
|
Ahmed N, Tetlow I J, Nawaz S, Iqbal A, Mubin M, ul Rehman M S N, Butt A, Lightfoor D A, Maekawa M. 2015. Effect of high temperature on grain filling period, yield, amylose content and activity of starch biosynthesis enzymes in endosperm of basmati rice. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 95, 2237–2243.
Aluko G, Martinez C, Tohme J, Castano C, Bergman C, Oard J H. 2004. QTL mapping of grain quality traits from the interspecific cross Oryza sativa×O. glaberrima. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 109, 630–639.
Bao J S. 2012. Toward understanding the genetic and molecular bases of the eating and cooking qualities of rice. Cereal Foods World, 57, 148–156.
Bao J S, Corke H, Sun M. 2006a. Microsatellites, single nucleotide polymorphisms and a sequence tagged site in starch-synthesizing genes in relation to starch physicochemical properties in nonwaxy rice (Oryza sativa L.). Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 113, 1185–1196.
Bao J S, Corke H, Sun M. 2006b. Nucleotide diversity in starch synthase IIa and validation of single nucleotide polymorphisms in relation to starch gelatinization temperature and other physicochemical properties in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 113, 1171–1183.
Beckles D M, Thitisaksakul M. 2014. How environmental stress affects starch composition and functionality in cereal endosperm. Starch-Stärke, 66, 58–71.
Cai K Z, Luo S M. 1999. Effect of shading on growth, development and yield formation of rice. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 10, 193–196. (in Chinese)
Calingacion M, Laborte A, Nelson A, Resurreccion A, Concepcion J C, Daygon V D, Mumm R, Reinke R, Dipti S, Bassinello P Z, Manful J, Sophany S, Lara K C, Bao J S, Xie L H, Loaiza K, El-hissewy A, Gayin J, Sharma N, Rajeswari S, et al. 2014. Diversity of global rice markets and the science required for consumer-targeted rice breeding. PLoS ONE, 9, e85106.
Champagne E T, Bett-Garber K L, Thomson J L, Fitzgerald M A. 2009. Unraveling the impact of nitrogen nutrition on cooked rice flavor and texture. Cereal Chemistry, 86, 274–280.
Chen J, Huang Y, Tang Y. 2011. Quantifying economically and ecologically optimum nitrogen rates for rice production in south-eastern China. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 142, 195–204.
Chen W F, Xu Z J, Tang L. 2017. 20 years’ development of super rice in China - The 20th anniversary of the super rice in China. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 16, 981–983.
Deng M H, Shi X J, Tian Y H, Yin B, Zhang S L, Zhu Z L, Kimura S D. 2012. Optimizing nitrogen fertilizer application for rice production in the Taihu Lake region, China. Pedosphere, 22, 48–57.
Ding C Q, You J, Chen L, Wang S H, Ding Y F. 2014. Nitrogen fertilizer increases spikelet number per panicle by enhancing cytokinin synthesis in rice. Plant Cell Reports, 33, 363–371.
Fu G F, Li H, Tao L X, Zhang X F, Wang D Y. 2009. Effects of shading at grain-filling stage on the growth and Q enzyme activity of rice grain. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 28, 438–444. (in Chinese)
GB/T17891-1999. 1999. High Quality Rice. The National Standard of the People’s Republic of China. Standards Press of China, Beijing. (in Chinese)
He X Y, Wu D H, Wu S Z, Zhen H. 2003. Studies on the formation and accumulation of amylose content in rice. Journal of South China Agricultural University (Natural Science Edition), 24, 9–12. (in Chinese)
Higashi M A. 1987. Current status and future researches for super high yield rice breeding. Agriculture and Horticulture, 63, 793–799.
Huang L F, Quan X Y, Zhang R, Yuan Y, Zhao W, Jiang L L, Shi J Q, Zhuang H Y. 2013. Interactive effects of light intensity and nitrogen supply on indicators of main growth traits in rice. Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, 27, 1927–1937. (in Chinese)
Ishibashi Y, Okamura K, Miyazaki M, Phan T, Yuasa T, Iwaya-Inoue M. 2014. Expression of rice sucrose transporter gene OsSUT1 in sink and source organs shaded during grain filling may affect grain yield and quality. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 97, 49–54.
Jiang N, Cheng W F. 2015. Shading effects on photosynthesis and chloroplast ultrs-structure characteristics of leabes in japonica rice with different panicle types in northern China. Journal of Shengyang Agricultural University, 46, 1–6. (in Chinese)
Jiang N, Ma D R, Gao H, Lu G Y, Cheng X Y, Tang L, Chen W F. 2013. Effects of shading at different growth stages on yield and quality of japonica rice in northern China. Journal of Shengyang Agricultural University, 44, 385–392. (in Chinese)
Lawlor D W. 2002. Carbon and nitrogen assimilation in relation to yield: Mechanisms are the key to understanding production systems. Journal of Experimental Botany, 53, 773–787.
Leesawatwong M, Jamjod S, Kuo J, Dell B, Rerkasem B. 2005. Nitrogen fertilizer increases seed protein and milling quality of rice. Cereal Chemistry, 82, 588–593.
Li X, Yan J M, Ji B H, Jiao D M. 1999. Varietal difference in photosynthetic characteristics of rice under photo-oxidation and shading. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 25, 301–308. (in Chinese)
Liang F, Xia X A. 2005. Long-term trends in solar radiation and the associated climatic factors over China for 1961–2000. Annales Geophysicae, 23, 2425–2432.
Liang J S, Cao X Z, Xu S Z, Zhu Q S, Song P. 1994. Studies on the relationship between the grain sink strength and it’s starch accumulation in rice (O. sativa). Acta Agronomic Sinica, 20, 685–691. (in Chinese)
Lin C J, Li C Y, Lin S K, Yang F H, Huang J J, Liu Y H, Lur H S. 2010. Influence of high temperature during grain filling on the accumulation of storage proteins and grain quality in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 58, 10545–10552.
Ling Q H, Zhang H C, Su Z F, Ling L. 1994. The New Theory of Rice Cultivation - The Leaf Age Model of Rice. Science Press, China. (in Chinese)
Lisle A J, Martin M, Fitzgerald M A. 2000. Chalky and translucent rice grains differ in starch composition and structure and cooking properties. Cereal Chemistry, 77, 627–632.
Martin M, Fitzgerald M A. 2002. Proteins in rice grains influence cooking properties! Journal of Cereal Science, 36, 285–294.
Ning H F, Liu Z H, Wang Q S, Lin Z M, Chen S J, Li G H, Wang S H, Ding Y F. 2009. Effect of nitrogen fertilizer application on grain phytic acid and protein concentrations in japonica rice and its variations with genotypes. Journal of Cereal Science, 50, 49–55.
Ning H F, Qiao J F, Liu Z H, Lin Z M, Li G H, Wang Q S, Wang S H, Ding Y F. 2010. Distribution of proteins and amino acids in milled and brown rice as affected by nitrogen fertilization and genotype. Journal of Cereal Science, 52, 90–95.
Okawa S, Makino A, Mae T. 2003. Effect of irradiance on the partitioning of assimilated carbon during the early phase of grain filling in rice. Annals of Botany, 92, 357–364.
Pan S G, Liu H D, Mo Z W, Patterson B, Duan M Y, Tian H, Hu S J, Tang X R. 2016. Effects of nitrogen and shading on root morphologies, nutrient accumulation, and photosynthetic parameters in different rice genotypes. Scientific Reports, 6, 1–13.
Patindol J, Wang Y J. 2003. Fine structures and physicochemical properties of starches from chalky and translucent rice kernels. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 51, 2777–2784.
Peng S B, Buresh R J, Huang J L, Zhong X H, Zou Y B, Yang J C, Wang G H, Liu Y Y, Hu R F, Tang Q Y, Cui K H, Zhang F S, Dobermann A. 2011. Improving nitrogen fertilization in rice by site-specific N management. Sustainable Agriculture, 2, 943–952.
Peng S B, Tang Q Y, Zou Y B. 2009. Current status and challenges of rice production in China. Plant Production Science, 12, 1–6.
Perez C M, Juliano B O, Liboon S P, Alcantara J M, Cassman K G. 1996. Effects of late nitrogen fertilizer application on head rice yield, protein content, and grain quality of rice. Cereal Chemistry, 73, 556–560.
Ramesh M, Bhattacharya K R, Mitchell J R. 2000. Developments in understanding the basis of cooked-rice texture. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 40, 449–460.
Richards F J. 1959. A flexible growth function for empirical use. Journal of Experimental Botany, 10, 290–301.
Samarajeewa K B D P, Kojima N, Sakagami J I, Chandanie W A. 2005. The effect of different timing of top dressing of nitrogen application under low light intensity on the yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 191, 99–105.
Sims L, Pastor J, Lee T, Dewey B. 2012. Nitrogen, phosphorus and light effects on growth and allocation of biomass and nutrients in wild rice. Oecologia, 170, 65–76.
Singh S R. 2005. Effect of low-light stress at various growth phases on yield and yield components of two rice cultivars. International Rice Research Notes, 30, 36–37.
Tian R, Jiang G H, Shen L H, Wang L Q, He Y Q. 2005. Mapping quantitative trait loci underlying the cooking and eating quality of rice using a DH population. Molecular Breeding, 15, 117–124.
Wang C L, Zhang Y D, Zhu Z, Chen T, Zhao Q Y, Zhong W G, Yang J, Yao S, Zhou L H, Zhao L, Li Y S. 2017. Research progress on the breeding of japonica super rice varieties in Jiangsu Province, China. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 16, 992–999.
Wang L, Deng F, Ren W J. 2015. Shading tolerance in rice is related to better light harvesting and useefficiency and grain filling rate during grain filling period. Field Crops Research, 180, 54–62.
Wang Q, Zhong X H, Huang N R. 2015. The interactive effects of post-anthesis light intensity and nitrogen application interactive on biomass production and grain yield of rice. China Rice, 21, 53–55. (in Chinese)
Wang Y J, Ge M J, Yan X T, Wei H Y, Zhang H C, Dai Q G, Huo Z Y, Xu K. 2014a. Effects of light, nitrogen and their interaction on grain yield and matter production characteristics of japonica super rice. Acta Agronomic Sinica, 40, 154–165. (in Chinese)
Wang Y J, Wei H Y, Yan X T, Ge M J, Meng T Y, Zhang H C, Dai Q G, Huo Z Y, Xu K, Fei X R. 2014b. Effects of light, nitrogen and their interaction on grain yield and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium absorption in japonica super rice. Acta Agronomic Sinica, 40, 1235–1244. (in Chinese)
Wang Z Q, Xu Y J, Chen T T, Zhang H H, Yang J C, Zhang J H. 2015. Abscisic acid and the key enzymes and genes in sucrose-to-starch conversion in rice spikelets in response to soil drying during grain filling. Planta, 241, 1091–1107.
Xi M, Zhao Y L, Lin Z M, Zhang X C, Ding C Q, Tang S, Liu Z H, Wang S H, Ding Y F. 2016. Comparison of physicochemical characteristics between white-belly and white-core rice grains. Journal of Cereal Science, 69, 392–397.
Yoshida S, Hara T. 1977. Effects of air temperature and light on grain filling of an indica and a japonica rice (Oryza sativa L.) under controlled environmental conditions. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 23, 93–107.
Zhang H, Li H W, Yuan L M, Wang Z Q, Yang J C, Zhang J H. 2012. Post-anthesis alternate wetting and moderate soil drying enhances activities of key enzymes in sucrose-to-starch conversion in inferior spikelets of rice. Journal of Experimental Botany, 63, 215–227.
Zhou L J, Liang S S, Ponce K, Marundon S, Ye G Y, Zhao X Q. 2015. Factors affecting head rice yield and chalkiness in indica rice. Field Crops Research, 172, 1–10.
Zhu D W, Zhang H C, Guo B W, Xu K, Dai Q G, Wei H Y, Gao H, Hu Y J, Cui P Y, Huo Z Y. 2017. Effects of nitrogen level on yield and quality of japonica soft super rice. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 16, 1018–1027.
Zhu Q S, Cao X Z, Luo Y Q. 1988. Growth analysis on the process of grain filling in rice. Acta Agronomic Sinica, 14, 182–193. (in Chinese)
|
| No Suggested Reading articles found! |
|
|
Viewed |
|
|
|
Full text
|
|
|
|
|
Abstract
|
|
|
|
|
Cited |
|
|
|
|
| |
Shared |
|
|
|
|
| |
Discussed |
|
|
|
|
