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| Effects of long-term fertilization on soil gross N transformation rates and their implications |
| DAI Shen-yan1, WANG Jing1, CHENG Yi2, ZHANG Jin-bo3, 4, CAI Zu-cong1, 5 |
1 School of Geography Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P.R.China
2 State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, P.R.China
3 State Key Laboratory of Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution (Jiangsu Province), Nanjing 210023, P.R.China
4 Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210023, P.R.China
5 Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, P.R.China |
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Abstract Application of fertilizer has been found to significantly affect soil N cycling. However, a comprehensive understanding of the effects of long-term fertilization on soil gross N transformation rates is still lacking. We compiled data of observations from 10 long-term fertilization experiments and conducted a meta-analysis of the effects of long-term fertilization on soil gross N transformation rates. The results showed that if chemical fertilizers of N, P and K were applied in balance, soil pH decreased very slightly. There was a significantly positive effect of long-term fertilization, either chemical or organic fertilizers or their combinations, on gross N mineralization rate compared to the control treatment (the mean effect size ranged from 1.21 to 1.25 at 95% confidence intervals (CI) with a mean of 1.23), mainly due to the increasing soil total N content. The long-term application of organic fertilizer alone and combining organic and chemical fertilizer could increase the mineralization-immobilization turnover, thus enhance available N for plant while reduce N losses potential compared to the control treatment. However, long-term chemical fertilizer application did not significantly affect the gross NH4+ immobilization rate, but accelerated gross nitrification rate (1.19; 95% CI: 1.08 to 1.31). Thus, long-term chemical fertilizer alone would probably induce higher N losses potential through NO3– leaching and runoff than organic fertilizer application compared to the control treatment. Therefore, in the view of the effects of long-term fertilization on gross N transformation rates, it also supports that organic fertilizer alone or combination of organic and chemical fertilizer could not only improve crop yield, but also increase soil fertility and reduce the N losses potential.
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Received: 14 February 2017
Accepted:
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| Fund: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41330744), the “973” Program of China (2014CB953803), and the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, China (164320H116). |
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Corresponding Authors:
Correspondence ZHANG Jin-bo, E-mail: zhangjinbo@njnu.edu.cn; CAI Zu-cong, E-mail: zccai@njnu.edu.cn
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Cite this article:
DAI Shen-yan, WANG Jing, CHENG Yi, ZHANG Jin-bo, CAI Zu-cong.
2017.
Effects of long-term fertilization on soil gross N transformation rates and their implications. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 16(12): 2863-2870.
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