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| Gelatin encapsulation of chloropicrin and 1,3-dichloropropene as fumigants for soilborne diseases in the greenhouse cultivation of cucumber and tomato |
| YAN Dong-dong1, WANG Qiu-xia1, LI Yuan1, OUYANG Can-bin1, GUO Mei-xia1, Jim Xinpei Huang2, John Busacca2, Jong Neng Shieh2, Alisa Ye Yu2, Phil Howard2, Don Williams2, CAO Ao-cheng1 |
1 Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops, Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R.China
2 Dow AgroSciences, R&D, Indianapolis 46268, United States |
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Abstract Combined use of chloropicrin (Pic) and 1,3-dicloropropene (1,3-D) is as effective as methyl bromide (MB) at controlling soilborne diseases in many trials and commercial uses. However, Pic and 1,3-D are both highly volatile and may pose strong exposure risks to humans and the environment. A gelatin capsule formulation containing Pic and 1,3-D has been developed to reduce exposure risks to workers and bystanders and improved application safety. We conducted two experiments in tomato and cucumber greenhouses located in Beijing and Qingdao, China, to study the efficacy of Pic plus 1,3-D gelatin capsules applied at different dosages and soil depths. Results indicated that both injection and gelatin capsules of Pic plus 1,3-D provided good control of soil nematodes and reduced disease index of Fusarium wilt and root-knot nematode. Plant yield of tomato and cucumber treated with gelatin capsules was similar to MB treatment. Based on our results, gelatin capsules applied at a soil depth of 15 cm provided better control of soilborne diseases and led to higher fruit yield compared to an application depth of 5 cm. In conclusion, a gelatin capsule of Pic plus 1,3-D is a promising and novel formulation, which not only shows good efficacy in controlling soilborne diseases, but also reduces potential exposure risks of fumigants.
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Received: 31 August 2016
Accepted:
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| Fund: The authors are grateful to the financial support from the projects of Dow AgroSciences, Ministry of Agriculture of China (2110402), and the Beijing Agriculture Innovation Consortium (BAIC01-2017) over the years. |
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Corresponding Authors:
Correspondence CAO Ao-cheng, Tel: +86-10-62815940, Fax: +86-10-62894863, E-mail: caoac@vip.sina.com
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| About author: YAN Dong-dong, E-mail: 13260176634@163.com; |
Cite this article:
YAN Dong-dong, WANG Qiu-xia, LI Yuan, OUYANG Can-bin, GUO Mei-xia, Jim Xinpei Huang, John Busacca, Jong Neng Shieh, Alisa Ye Yu, Phil Howard, Don Williams, CAO Ao-cheng .
2017.
Gelatin encapsulation of chloropicrin and 1,3-dichloropropene as fumigants for soilborne diseases in the greenhouse cultivation of cucumber and tomato. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 16(08): 1758-1766.
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