|
|
|
|
|
| Sod gene of Curvularia lunata is associated with the virulence in maize leaf |
| GAO Shi-gang1*, NI Xuan1*, LI Ying-ying1, FU Ke-he2, YU Chuan-jin1, GAO Jin-xin1, WANG Meng1, LI Ya-qian1, CHEN Jie1 |
1 School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University/State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University/Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 200240, P.R.China
2 School of Biology, Nanchang Normal University, Nanchang 330000, P.R.China |
|
|
|
|
Abstract Curvularia leaf spot, caused mainly by Curvularia lunata, is a widespread plant disease in China. In the recent years, directional host selection by the pathogen, which likely results in the virulence differentiation in pathogens, is widely reported. Among the hallmarks potentially associated to pathogen variation in virulence, superoxide dismutase gene Sod has been found to be closely related to the enhancement of virulence. In the present study, the full-length of Sod was obtained via Blastn alignment against GenBank and the whole genome of C. lunata. In order to understand the role of Sod in the virulence variation in C. lunata, targeted gene disruption was performed to construct Sod mutants. The cell wall degrading enzyme (CWDE) activities and toxin production of ΔSod were not distinctly different from wild-type strain CX-3 and its complon. However, at an early stage of infection, ΔSod virulence appeared to be lower than CX-3 and the complon, while at a later stage, its virulence gradually returned to the level of CX-3 and the complon. Furthermore, the melanin production of ΔSod was significantly reduced compared to CX-3 and the complon, suggesting that Sod gene influences the virulence by regulating melanin production at an early stage of infection but is not essential for pathogenicity. However, the disruption of Sod did not significantly affect the transcriptional expression of the melanin biosynthesis-associated genes, brn1 and scd. Therefore, we infer that Sod in C. lunata are involved, to some extent, with the virulence in maize leaf, but still needs further studies to have a clear understanding of its mechanism.
|
|
Received: 06 September 2016
Accepted:
|
| Fund: The National Natural Science Foundation of China (31171798 and 31471734) and the China Agriculture Research System, China (CARS-02) supported this work. |
|
Corresponding Authors:
CHEN Jie, E-mail: Jiechen59@sjtu.edu.cn
|
| About author: NI Xuan, E-mail: xuanni16@163.com |
Cite this article:
GAO Shi-gang, NI Xuan, LI Ying-ying, FU Ke-he, YU Chuan-jin, GAO Jin-xin, WANG Meng, LI Ya-qian, CHEN Jie .
2017.
Sod gene of Curvularia lunata is associated with the virulence in maize leaf. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 16(04): 874-883.
|
| Bedard K, Krause K H. 2007. The NOX family of ROS-generating NADPH oxidases: Physiology and pathophysiology. Physiological Reviews, 87, 245–313.Bonfante A, Basile A, Alfieri S M, Monaco E, Lorenzi F D. 2014. Climate change effects on the suitability of an agricultural area to maize cultivation: A new Land Evaluation Hybrid System for maize. In: 20th World Congress of Soil Science. pp. 48–48.Eisenman H C, Casadevall A. 2012. Synthesis and assembly of fungal melanin. Applied Microbiology & Biotechnology, 93, 931–940.Foley R C, Kidd B N, Hane J K, Anderson J P, Singh K B. 2016. Reactive oxygen species play a role in the infection of the necrotrophic fungi, Rhizoctonia solani in wheat. PLoS ONE, 11, e0152548.Gong G S, Ye H Z, Zhang M, Liu P, Chen X Q, Shao B L, Yu X, Yang D L. 2005. RAPD analysis among isolates of Curvularia lunata collected from corn in China. Acta Phytopathologica Sinica, 35, 22–27. (in Chinese)Howard R J, Ferrari M A, Roach D H, Money N P. 1991. Penetration of hard substrates by a fungus employing enormous turgor pressures. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 88, 11281–11284.Howard RJ, Valent B. 1996. Breaking and entering: Host penetration by the fungal rice blast pathogen Magnaporthe grisea. Annual Review of Microbiology, 50, 491–512.Jong J C, Mccormack B J, Smirnoff N, Talbot N J. 1997. Glycerol generates turgor in rice blast. Nature, 389, 244–244.Ke H F, Li L F, Ying Y L, Shi G G, Jie C. 2012. Tmac1, a transcription factor which regulated high affinity copper transport in Trichoderma reesei. Microbiological Research, 167, 536–543.Koleva D I, Docheva G P, Petrova V Y, Kujumdzieva A V. 2010. Superoxide dismutase enzymes in oxidative type yeast H. polymorpha. Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment, 24, 488–493.Moore S, De Vries O M, Tudzynski P. 2002. The major Cu, Zn sod of the phytopathogen Claviceps purpurea is not essential for pathogenicity. Molecular Plant Pathology, 3, 9–22.Nelson R R, Haasis A. 1964. The perfect stage of Curvularia lunata. Mycologia, 56, 316–317.Pal A K, Gajjar D U, Vasavada A R. 2014. DOPA and DHN pathway orchestrate melanin synthesis in Aspergillus species. Medical Mycology, 52, 10–18.Schulte C, Arenskötter M, Berekaa M M, Arenskotter Q, Priefert H, Steinbuchel A. 2008. Possible involvement of an extracellular superoxide dismutase (SodA) as a radical scavenger in poly(cis-1,4-isoprene) degradation. Applied & Environmental Microbiology, 74, 7643–7653.Shi G G, Fei H Z, Tong L, Ying Y L, Jie C. 2013. A MAP kinase gene, Clk1, is required for conidiation and pathogenicity in the phytopathogenic fungus Curvularia lunata. Journal of Basic Microbiology, 53, 214–223.Shu F X, Jie C, Liu L, Wang X, Huang X, Zhai Y. 2007. Proteomics associated with virulence differentiation of Curvularia lunata in maize in China. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 49, 487–496.Tea L R, Wheeler M H. 2003. Melanin biosynthesis in the fungus Curvularia lunata (teleomorph: Cochliobolus lunatus). Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 49, 110–119. Tong L, Li X L, Xue J, Huang X, Jie C. 2009. A new furanoid toxin produced by Curvularia lunata, the causal agent of maize Curvularia leaf spot. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology, 31, 22–27.Wang X F. 2007. Research on melanin characters and its effect on pathogenicity of Curvularia lunata in maize. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 35, 6476. (in Chinese)Xia X J, Zhou Y H, Shi K, Zhou J, Foyer C H, Yu J Q. 2015. Interplay between reactive oxygen species and hormones in the control of plant development and stress tolerance. Journal of Experimental Botany, 66, 2839–2856.Xu L, Chen W. 2012. Random T-DNA mutagenesis identifies a Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase gene as a virulence factor of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, 26, 431–441.Xue C S, Xiao S Q, Zhai Y H, Gao Y, Gao Z G, Chen J. 2008. Pathogenicity diferentiation of Curvularia lunata. Acta Phytopathologica Sinica, 38, 6–12. (in Chinese)Ye M, Wang Y, Guo G Y, He Y L, Lu Y, Ye Y W, Yang Q H, Yang P Z. 2012. Physicochemical characteristics and antioxidant activity of arginine-modified melanin from Lachnum YM–346. Food chemistry, 135, 2490–2497.Zeng L, Zhou J, Li B, Xing D. 2015. A high-sensitivity optical device for the early monitoring of plant pathogen attack via the in vivo detection of ROS bursts. Frontiers in Plant Science, 6, 96. |
| No Suggested Reading articles found! |
|
|
Viewed |
|
|
|
Full text
|
|
|
|
|
Abstract
|
|
|
|
|
Cited |
|
|
|
|
| |
Shared |
|
|
|
|
| |
Discussed |
|
|
|
|
