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| Nitrous oxide emissions following seasonal freeze-thaw events from arable soils in Northeast China |
| CHEN Zhe1, 2, YANG Shi-qi1, ZHANG Ai-ping1, JING Xin3, SONG Wei-min4, MI Zhao-rong5, ZHANG Qing-wen1, WANG Wen-ying2, YANG Zheng-li1 |
1 Key Laboratory for Agro-environment, Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P.R.China
2 School of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, P.R.China
3 Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Ministry of Education/Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R.China
4 Center for Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R.China
5 Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, P.R.China |
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Abstract Seasonal soil freeze-thaw events may enhance soil nitrogen transformation and thus stimulate nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in cold regions. However, the mechanisms of soil N2O emission during the freeze-thaw cycling in the field remain unclear. We evaluated N2O emissions and soil biotic and abiotic factors in maize and paddy fields over 20 months in Northeast China, and the structural equation model (SEM) was used to determine which factors affected N2O production during non-growing season. Our results verified that the seasonal freeze-thaw cycles mitigated the available soil nitrogen and carbon limitation during spring thawing period, but simultaneously increased the gaseous N2O-N losses at the annual time scale under field condition. The N2O-N cumulative losses during the non-growing season amounted to 0.71 and 0.55 kg N ha–1 for the paddy and maize fields, respectively, and contributed to 66 and 18% of the annual total. The highest emission rates (199.2–257.4 μg m–2 h–1) were observed during soil thawing for both fields, but we did not observe an emission peak during soil freezing in early winter. Although the pulses of N2O emission in spring were short-lived (18 d), it resulted in approximately 80% of the non-growing season N2O-N loss. The N2O burst during the spring thawing was triggered by the combined impact of high soil moisture, flush available nitrogen and carbon, and rapid recovery of microbial biomass. SEM analysis indicated that the soil moisture, available substrates including NH4+ and dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) explained 32, 36, 16 and 51% of the N2O flux variation, respectively, during the non-growing season. Our results suggested that N2O emission during the spring thawing make a vital contribution of the annual nitrogen budget, and the vast seasonally frozen and snow-covered croplands will have high potential to exert a positive feedback on climate change considering the sensitive response of nitrogen biogeochemical cycling to the freeze-thaw disturbance.
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Received: 30 March 2017
Accepted:
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| Fund: This study was supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project of China (2014ZX07201-009). |
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Corresponding Authors:
Correspondence YANG Zheng-li,Tel:+86-10-82108989,E-mail:yangzhengli@caas.cn
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| About author: CHEN Zhe,Mobile: +86-13099770565,E-mail:chenzhe80122@163.com |
Cite this article:
CHEN Zhe, YANG Shi-qi, ZHANG Ai-ping, JING Xin, SONG Wei-min, MI Zhao-rong, ZHANG Qingwen, WANG Wen-ying, YANG Zheng-li.
2018.
Nitrous oxide emissions following seasonal freeze-thaw events from arable soils in Northeast China. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 17(01): 231-246.
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