黄土高原半干旱区不同覆膜方式对土壤水热环境及糜子耗水特性的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.12.005

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】The objective of this paper was to explore effect of soil thermal-moisture and the yield-increasing mechanism of broomcorn millet under different plastic mulching-patterns in the dry farming regions of Loess Plateau.【Method】 In this study, “Longmi 10” was used as trial material with different plastic mulching modes, including ridge-furrow planting with whole film mulching under no tillage (A1), ridge-furrow planting with whole film mulching (A2), flat planting with whole film mulching beyond covering soil (A3), flat planting with whole film mulching (A4), uncovered and row-planting (CK) to explore the effect of them on soil thermal-moisture, water consumption characteristics, water use efficiency, and yield of broomcorn millet in rainfed agriculture area during 2015-2016.【Result】 Compared with CK, soil average temperature, and average temperature daily variation of 5 to 25 cm soil layer under A1, A2, A3, and A4 treatments showed different degrees of warming effect. During the growth period of broomcorn millet, in the rainy year (2015), the water storage amount of A1, A2, A3, and A4 treatments were 94.7, 67.9, 58.0, and 21.0 mm higher than that of CK, respectively. The water consumption was CK＞A1＞A4＞A2＞A3, and its contents in each treatment was more balanced in different stages of fertility and different soil layers. In the severe drought year (2016), treatments of A1 and A2 were 83.9 mm and 57.4 mm higher than that of CK, respectively. However, A3 and A4 treatments reduced 27.1 mm and 25.3 mm, respectively. The water consumption, the use efficiency of 80-100 cm deep soil moisture were A3＞A4＞A1＞A2＞CK, and the water consumption of the 4 kinds of film mulching was lower than that of the CK from sowing to the seedling stage. The water consumption intensity of the jointing to mature period was controlled by a more balanced approach. Based on the different soil thermal-moisture environment in 4 kinds of mulching methods and the water consumption characteristics of broomcorn millet under treatments of A1, A2, A3 and A4 were increased by 1.3-3.9, 5.2-5.5, 3.4-3.5, and 4.1-4.2 kg·hm^-2·mm^-1, the yield of broomcorn millet were increased production by 9%-43.3%, 34.8%-58.2%, 20.8%-49.4%, and 29%-52.9%, respectively. Furthermore, the increase in yield was higher in arid years.【Conclusion】 Four kinds of mulching could improve the soil thermal environment of soil water in the broomcorn millet growing period, adjust the water consumption rate of the different growth stage, and significantly improve the water utilization efficiency, yield and related traits. The yield-increasing potential was A2＞A4＞A3＞A1.

Key words: semi-arid region, film mulching, broomcorn millet, thermal-moisture status, water consumption characteristics

DONG KongJun, LIU TianPeng, HE JiHong, REN RuiYu, ZHANG Lei, XU Yan, YANG TianYu. Effects of Different Film Mulching-Patterns on Soil Thermal-Moisture and Broomcorn Millet Water Consumption Characteristics in Semiarid Region on Northwest Loess Plateau[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(12): 2274-2287.

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Effects of Different Film Mulching-Patterns on Soil Thermal-Moisture and Broomcorn Millet Water Consumption Characteristics in Semiarid Region on Northwest Loess Plateau

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