灌浆期低温对离体培养玉米强弱势粒发育的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.12.004

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】In this study, the physiological mechanism of kernel weight reduction under low temperature had been uncovered through grain filling dynamic, carbon metabolism, and phytohormone balance, and reveal the effect of low temperature on maize superior and inferior kernels during grain filling, which could provide a theoretical guidance for crop production. 【Method】 Hybrid maize Zhengdan 958 was chosen for the experimental material, which was grown in the filed condition. Kernel was collected at 3 days after pollination, and was divided into superior and inferior kernel according to its position at the ear. Afterward, kernels were separately incubated with solid medium under normal (25°C) and low (16°C) temperature in artificial climate incubators. Superior and inferior kernels were sampled with 10-day interval since pollination for analyzing dry weight dynamic, hormone contend, starch accumulation and its related enzymes. 【Result】Compared with CK, Final kernel weight decreased by 47.58% for superior kernel and 50.95% for inferior kernels under low temperature, respectively. A longer active grain-filling period had been observed, caused by slower grain filling rate increase during lag period and slower decrease during maturation drying period. But, the grain-fill rate during active grain-filling period decreased 55.39% for superior kernel and 54.72% for inferior kernel, respectively. The increase of grain-filling rate in lag periods and the decrease of grain-filling rate in maturation drying periods of maize kernels were reduced significantly, and the time of active grain-filling periods was prolonged by 5-7 days under low temperature stress. The content of IAA, ZR and ABA decreased significantly in both superior and inferior kernels after 10 days low temperature incubation, while it was opposite for GA3. Moreover, decreased content of IAA and ZR in inferior kernels and increased ABA in superior kernels had been found after 30 days low temperature treatment. Low temperature decreased activity of soluble acid invertase (SAI), sucrose synthase (SS), soluble starch synthase (SSS) and ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (APGase) in both superior and inferior kernel during early grain filling periods, resulting in decreased starch accumulation in kernel. Furthermore, the decrease of SAI in inferior kernels was greater than that of superior kernels, while it was opposite for other enzymes.【Conclusion】The disturbed hormone balance during earlier grain filling period greatly weakened the sink capacity under low temperature stress, while the decreased activity of enzyme during mid-grain filling period limited the starch accumulation. The grain filling rate decreased in both superior and inferior kernels, resulting in kernel weight reduction. The grain filling process had been affected in both superior and inferior kernels under low temperature stress. Furthermore, the inferior kernels was more sensitive to low temperature than superior kernels.

Key words: maize, low temperature, vitro culture, grain filling stage, phytohormone

ZHANG Xun, HAO JianPing, WANG Pu, ZHANG Ping, CHEN LuJie. Effects of Low Temperature on Maize Superior and Inferior Kernels Development During Grain Filling in Vitro[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(12): 2263-2273.

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