柱型苹果生长特性及Co基因定位研究进展

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.22.018

Abstract

Abstract: Columnar apple is a dwarfed mutant with thick, upright main stems and shortened internodes, and generates short fruit spurs instead of long lateral branches. It is a good resource for high dense planting and high yield production in the modern apple industry. Therefore, to understand its unique growth habit was highly interested for all research groups. The current research achievements are summarized as follows: (1) The growth habits of columnar apple is closely related with its endogenous hormones. The free IAA to total IAA ratio was found higher in the axillary buds of columnar apple trees than in the standard type apple trees. The columnar apple producing high number of spurs is because the higher level of zeatin-like growth substances exists in both apical and lateral shoots. The dwarfed growth phenotype is probably correlated with the lower GA level in the columnar apple trees. (2) The columnar phenotype is controlled by a single dominant allele of the columnar gene, which is clustered with the genes controlling main stem growth, branching habit, leaf feature and fruit quality. The Co gene has been fine-mapped to chromosome 10 within the region of 18.51-19.09 Mb. (3) Five Co candidate genes has been reported till today. As the observation that expression of 91071 in apple and tobacco led to shortened internodes in transgenic plants, 91071 was taken as the most promising Co candidate gene, although more studies are needed to clarify whether the 91071 gene also causes the reduced lateral branches and increased spurs in columnar apple. Since co gene is closed related with both plant hormone metabolism and signal transduction, studies on its biological functions by RNAi and transgenic technologies can not only reveal the molecular mechanism of the unique growth characteristics of columnar apple tree, but also provide the theoretical basis for the molecular breeding of columnar apple with improved quality.

Key words: columnar apple, growth habit, Co gene mapping, mining of candidate genes

LIANG MeiXia, QIAO XuQiang, GUO XiaoTong, ZHANG HongXia. Research Progresses in mechanisms of Growth Habits and Co Gene Mapping of Columnar Apple (Malus domestica × Borkh.)[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2017, 50(22): 4421-4430.

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