不同施肥年限下作物产量及土壤碳氮库容对增施有机物料的响应

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.04.009

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】In order to improve crop yield and soil fertility for rotation of winter wheat and summer maize in North China Plain, it is necessary to study the effects of long-term additional application of manure and straw incorporation on crop yield, soil carbon and nitrogen stocks. 【Method】 Taking the key experimental station on ecological environment of Drab Fluvo-aquic soil in Changping, Ministry of Agriculture as the research platform, two application histories (11 years and 27 years) and four application treatments (NPK, chemical fertilizers; NPKM, NPK+22.5 t·hm ^-2manure; NPKM+, NPK+33.75 t·hm ^-2 manure; NPKS, NPK+ straw) were conducted, and yield of winter wheat and summer maize as well as soil carbon and nitrogen stocks were analyzed. 【Result】Results showed that long-term additional application of manure or straw could increase crop yield. Compared with NPK, the yield of wheat and maize could be increased by 18.6%, 15.8%, 3.5% and 39%, 42%, 35% under NPKM, NPKM+ and NPKS, respectively, after 11 years. Meanwhile, yield of wheat and maize could be increased by 41%, 51.5%, 23% and 31%, 33%, 58% under NPKM, NPKM+ and NPKS, respectively, relative to NPK after 27 years. Soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) were increased after manure and straw added with the time prolonged. Specifically, stocks of soil carbon and nitrogen were 25-114 Mg·hm ^-2 and 2.2-9.0 Mg·hm ^-2, respectively, after 10 years, which were 29-146 Mg·hm ^-2, 2.5-12.1 Mg·hm ^-2, respectively, after 27 years. Both SOC and TN stocks presented the same trend which increased firstly and then decreased with the increasing of soil depth, reaching a peak at 80 cm. Peaks of SOC and TN pools were 102, 128, 146, 123 Mg·hm ^-2 and 8.3, 9.7, 12.1, 9.1 Mg·hm ^-2 for NPK, NPKM, NPKM+ and NPKS, respectively, after 27 years. However, no significant difference was observed under these treatments after 10 years (P>0.05). Soil ratios of C to N were reduced in different soil layers after two application histories with different organic material application, and soil C/N was obtained stability with the prolonged of fertilization years. Both SOC and TN stocks presented increasing trends with time. Compared with NPK, the accumulation stocks of SOC and TN could increase 5.2%, 11.2%, 9.2% and 21.2%, 26.6%, 38.8% under NPKM, NPKM+ and NPKS, respectively, after 11 years, which could increase 26.3%, 41.1%, 21.8% and 26.2%, 44.9%, 4.0% under NPKM, NPKM+, and NPKS, respectively, after 27 years. For a longer time, additional application of manure was better than straw for promoting SOC accumulation, while it was opposite for TN accumulation.【Conclusion】Based on the conventional fertilization, long-term additional application of manure or straw could increase crop yield, SOC and TN stocks thus promoted soil fertility. A great impact was observed with fertilization years added. In addition, application of manure had a more remarkable effect than straw incorporation, especially for a much long time, but on the contrary for accumulation stocks of TN.

Key words: organic manure, straw incorporation, crop yield, carbon stocks, nitrogen stocks

GAI XiaPu,LIU HongBin,YANG Bo,WANG HongYuan,ZHAI LiMei,LEI QiuLiang,WU ShuXia,REN TianZhi. Responses of Crop Yields, Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Stocks to Additional Application of Organic Materials in Different Fertilization Years[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(4): 676-689.

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References 53

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处理 Treatments	小麦 Wheat					玉米 Maize
处理 Treatments	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	有机肥 Manure	小麦秸秆Wheat straw	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	有机肥 Manure	玉米秸秆 Maize straw
NPK	150	75	45	0	0	150	75	45	0	0
NPKM	150	75	45	22500	0	150	75	45	0	0
NPKM+	150	75	45	33750	0	150	75	45	0	0
NPKS	150	75	45	0	2170	150	75	45	0	2170

变异来源 Variation source	因变量 Dependent variables	Ш型平方和 Quadratic sum of squares	Df Degree of freedom	F	Sig. Significance level
施肥类型 Fertilization types (T)	土壤碳库SOC stocks	12245.007	3	79.734	<.001
	土壤氮库TN stocks	98.287	3	85.845	<.001
	碳氮比Ratios of C to N	107.216	3	15.832	<.001
土层深度 Soil depth (D)	土壤碳库SOC stocks	141872.456	9	307.938	<.001
	土壤氮库TN stocks	630.196	9	183.473	<.001
	碳氮比Ratios of C to N	547.745	9	26.961	<.001
施肥年限 Fertilization years (Y)	土壤碳库SOC stocks	21584.778	1	421.653	<.001
	土壤氮库TN stocks	4.216	1	11.047	<.001
	碳氮比Ratios of C to N	138.014	1	61.140	<.001
施肥类型×土层深度 T×D	土壤碳库SOC stocks	2305.072	27	1.668	<.05
	土壤氮库TN stocks	39.807	27	3.863	<.001
	碳氮比ratios of C to N	60.212	27	0.988	>.05
施肥类型×施肥年限 T×Y	土壤碳库SOC stocks	2341.579	3	15.247	<.001
	土壤氮库TN stocks	39.058	3	34.113	<.001
	碳氮比Ratios of C to N	52.189	3	7.707	<.001
土层深度×施肥年限 D×Y	土壤碳库SOC stocks	4273.625	9	9.276	<.001
	土壤氮库TN stocks	86.500	9	25.183	<.001
	碳氮比Ratios of C to N	271.041	9	13.341	<.001
施肥类型×土层深度×施肥年限 T×D×Y	土壤碳库SOC stocks	2182.463	27	1.579	<.05
	土壤氮库TN stocks	33.137	27	3.216	<.001
	碳氮比Ratios of C to N	117.867	27	1.934	<.01

施肥处理 Treatments	累积碳库 Cumulative SOC stocks (Mg·hm^-2)		累积库氮 Cumulative TN stocks (Mg·hm^-2)
施肥处理 Treatments	连续施肥11年 11 years fertilizations	连续施肥27年 27 years fertilizations	连续施肥11年 11 years fertilizations	连续施肥27年 27 years fertilizations
NPK	440 ±21 b	530.7±43 c	41±4 b	43± 3 c
NPKM	463±23 ab	671±51 b	50±5 ab	54±2 b
NPKM+	490±34 a	749±40 a	52±4 a	63±4 a
NPKS	481±29 a	646±35 b	58±3 a	45±1 c

Responses of Crop Yields, Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Stocks to Additional Application of Organic Materials in Different Fertilization Years

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