磷肥施用深度对夏玉米产量及根系分布的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.08.009

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】This study focused on the effects of phosphorus fertilization depth on yield and root distribution of summer maize in the North China Plain. 【Method】 The research included a field experiment and a soil column experiment. The field experiment was carried out to determine the effects of different phosphorous fertilization positions on grain yield and nutrient uptake. The treatments were CK (no P), T-side (P fertilized at seed side), T-8 (P fertilized at 8 cm depth in the seed row), T-16 (P fertilized at 16 cm depth in the seed row), T-24 (P fertilized at 24 cm depth in the seed row), and T-all (P fertilized at 8 cm, 16 cm and 24 cm depth equally in the seed row). The soil column experiment was carried out to determine the effects of different phosphorous fertilization depths (P 8(8 cm); P 16(16 cm); P 24(24 cm); P-all, (8/16/24 cm)) on summer maize root distribution. 【Result】 Field experiment showed that the phosphorous fertilization depth significantly affected the summer maize grain yield. The maize yield decreased in the order of T-24, T-all, T-16, T-side, T-8 and CK, and the T-24 treatment significantly increased yield by 10% than the T-side treatment. The highest above ground plant P accumulation at the eight-leaf stage was the T-side treatment, and that in silking and harvest stage were T-8 and T-all treatment, respectively. The above ground N uptake at harvest stage showed a significantly increasing trend with the P increased application depth. The soil column experiment showed that the total root length for the P 24 treatment was the highest in all application depths. Compared with CK, P-all and P 8 treatments, the root length of P 24 significant increased by 68%, 18% and 17%, respectively. The maize roots were distributed around the application point of P fertilizer, and the total maize root length increased with the P fertilization depth increasing. 【Conclusion】 Phosphorus fertilizer deep application could induced the maize root grow to deep soil layer and increasing the root length, significantly increased the grain yield. The suitable P fertilizer application depth was 24 cm in this research.

Key words: phosphorus, summer maize, fertilization depth, root distribution, yield

YANG YunMa, SUN YanMing, JIA LiangLiang, JIA ShuLong, MENG ChunXiang . Effects of Phosphorus Fertilization Depth on Yield and Root Distribution of Summer Maize[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(8): 1518-1526.

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