中国农业科学 ›› 2018, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (16): 3201-3213.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.16.016
所属专题: 加强环境生理研究应用 支撑畜禽养殖绿色发展
周丹1,2,刁亚萍1,高云1,3,黄飞若4,李季4,王娇娇1,雷明刚3,4,黎煊1,3
收稿日期:
2018-04-11
出版日期:
2018-08-16
发布日期:
2018-08-16
通讯作者:
高云,Tel:18007130891;E-mail:angelclouder@mail.hzau.edu.cn
作者简介:
周丹,Tel:15099299533;E-mail:50747958@qq.com
基金资助:
ZHOU Dan 1,2, DIAO YaPing 1, GAO Yun 1,3, HUANG FeiRuo 4, LI Ji 4, WANG JiaoJiao 1, LEI MingGang 3,4, LI Xuan 1,3
Received:
2018-04-11
Online:
2018-08-16
Published:
2018-08-16
摘要: CO2是猪舍中主要的温室气体,与其它有害气体不同,CO2已经以一定浓度存在于空气中,正常浓度范围的CO2不会对猪的健康有害,容易被人忽视。近年来,随着规模化、集约化猪舍的发展,对猪舍中的温湿度、NH3、H2S、CO2等影响猪只正常生长的因素研究日渐增多。其中CO2在猪舍环境中扮演很重要的角色,是评估舍内环境质量的重要参数。猪舍内CO2的有效管理可提高猪场饲养管理水平,实现经济效益最大化。文章首先阐述了猪舍中CO2的排放主要来源猪的呼吸、粪便排放、取暖设备,分析了CO2排放量主要受外界环境、猪的数量和种类、猪舍体积以及粪便存储时间等因素影响。对比分析了生猪在断奶、育成、育肥、母猪不同生长时期,在漏缝地板、部分漏缝地板、垫草、木屑地板条件下CO2排放量。论述了舍内不同浓度CO2所产生的对饲养人员、猪只生理行为、猪肉品质的影响,根据CIGR数据,得出畜禽舍内最大CO2浓度限值为0.3%,对人CO2浓度限值为0.5%。猪舍内CO2含量过高时,氧气的含量不足,时间长会使猪出现慢性缺氧、精神萎靡、食欲下降、增重减缓、体质虚弱、易感染传染病、生产水平下降等问题,严重时会致死,致死后的猪出现瘀斑,宰杀出现血溅,肉质的pH值、导电性、含水率下降,极大影响猪肉的品质。其次概述了舍内CO2含量监测方法以及国内外研究进展,目前主要使用光谱分析仪器测量猪舍内CO2含量。归纳分析了CO2与通风强度、通风率、进风口位置之间的关系,详细论述了粪坑通风系统通过改变通风强度、进风口位置、地板开口的大小,可有效地降低舍内CO2含量。归纳出猪舍中计算通风率的方法有三种,一是利用动物本身体温平衡来计算,二是利用空气湿度来测定,三是CO2平衡方程法。目前的主流方法是利用空气中的CO2平衡特性,监测CO2浓度,根据CO2浓度与通风率的关系式,计算通风率的大小。最后,对猪舍中CO2含量的未来研究方向以及发展趋势进行了展望。
周丹,刁亚萍,高云,黄飞若,李季,王娇娇,雷明刚,黎煊. 猪舍内CO2的排放研究进展[J]. 中国农业科学, 2018, 51(16): 3201-3213.
ZHOU Dan, DIAO YaPing, GAO Yun, HUANG FeiRuo, LI Ji, WANG JiaoJiao, LEI MingGang, LI Xuan. Research Review on CO2 Production in Pig House[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(16): 3201-3213.
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