中国农业科学 ›› 2018, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (16): 3181-3190.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.16.014
所属专题: 加强环境生理研究应用 支撑畜禽养殖绿色发展
王晓鹃,刘磊,焦洪超,赵景鹏,林海
收稿日期:
2018-04-04
出版日期:
2018-08-16
发布日期:
2018-08-16
通讯作者:
林海,E-mail:hailin@sdau.edu.cn
作者简介:
王晓鹃,E-mail:wangxj@sdau.edu.cn
基金资助:
WANG XiaoJuan, LIU Lei, JIAO HongChao, ZHAO JingPeng, LIN Hai
Received:
2018-04-04
Online:
2018-08-16
Published:
2018-08-16
摘要: 生物体内源性的昼夜节律使其能够预测周边环境周期性的变化,使机体的内在代谢和周边环境保持一致。在禽类卵泡的成熟、排卵和蛋的形成过程中,不同生理进程在时间上的吻合显示了机体自身以及机体与环境之间的协调统一。动物对营养物质的摄入、内分泌激素的生成、能量代谢等一系列的行为和生理过程都有生物钟参与调控。文章从光照和营养两种因素入手,综述了生物钟在神经内分泌、能量摄入和能量代谢中的调控作用,揭示了蛋鸡的排卵和产蛋机制。1.光信号通过调控生物钟影响下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴(HPG轴),从而调控机体的繁殖活动。在光信号刺激下,位于禽类视交叉上核(SCN)和松果体的中枢生物钟作用于下丘脑,使下丘脑定时性释放促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)和促性腺激素抑制激素(GnIH),GnRH和GnIH继而作用于垂体调节释放促性腺激素-促黄体生成素(LH)和促卵泡激素(FSH),卵巢中存在的外周生物钟接受中枢的同步化信号来维持生物节律,促使禽类的卵泡成熟和定时排卵;2.除了受到HPG的神经内分泌调控之外,蛋鸡的排卵-产蛋过程还受到机体能量代谢的影响。中枢和外周的生物钟基因能够调控食欲调节系统,从而影响能量摄入;生物钟能够通过调控代谢过程中重要限速酶的表达、整合核受体和营养信号蛋白、调节代谢感受器和代谢物、影响肠道微生物等途径来调节能量代谢,影响卵黄前体物质的合成、转运和沉积;禽类松果体分泌的褪黑素可通过介导降钙素、甲状旁腺素(PTH)及雌激素分泌,节律性地调节体内钙代谢,影响蛋壳的形成。能量摄入的时间和行为、机体能量代谢和能量状态也可以通过腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体α(PPARα)等一些与食欲调控和能量代谢相关的细胞因子反过来调控生物钟。营养-生物钟-能量代谢三者之间相互作用,使生物体适应环境的能力增强,能量利用达到最优。因此,通过调整进食时间和食物组分(如饲料能量水平和钙水平),能够改变能量代谢从而调节生物钟的功能。将环境(光照管理)和营养(饲喂时间、饲料配方)综合研究并加以运用,使机体生物钟成为连接外部环境信号和内部能量代谢的纽带,既能响应外界环境刺激,又能同时调控机体能量代谢进程,从而使各项生理功能得到更好地发挥,这将为蛋鸡的产蛋调控机制研究提供新的视角。
王晓鹃,刘磊,焦洪超,赵景鹏,林海. 生物钟在蛋鸡排卵-产蛋过程中的调控作用[J]. 中国农业科学, 2018, 51(16): 3181-3190.
WANG XiaoJuan, LIU Lei, JIAO HongChao, ZHAO JingPeng, LIN Hai. Regulation of Biological Clock in Ovulation-Laying of Laying Hens[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(16): 3181-3190.
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