国外引进甘蔗栽培品种的光合气体交换参数遗传差异与聚类分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.12.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探明国外引进甘蔗栽培品种光合气体交换参数遗传变异特征，筛选优良基因型，并为甘蔗高光效育种技术优化提供参考依据。【方法】利用LI-6400便携式光合仪，于大伸长期对50份国外引进甘蔗栽培品种顶端全展叶6项光合气体交换参数进行测定，包括净光速率（A）、气孔导度（g_s）、胞间CO₂浓度（C_i）、蒸腾速率（E）、固有水分利用效率（WUE_intr）、瞬时水分利用效率（WUE_inst）。通过方差分析、广义遗传力计算、相关分析以及主成分分析明确气体交换参数变异特征，并通过聚类和判别分析筛选优异基因型。【结果】所有光合气体交换参数在参试基因型间差异均达到极显著水平，变异程度依次为g_s＞A＞E＞C_i＞WUE_intr＞WUE_inst。各项参数广义遗传力较高，除WUE_inst为58.8%外，其余参数均达70%以上。除WUE_inst与E间相关性不显著外，其他气体交换参数间相关性均达显著水平。气孔导度同其他参数具有较强的非线性相关，体现了其对气体交换的重要调控作用。主成分分析共提取两项公因子，可分别解释为“碳同化性能”和“水分利用效率”，二者在基因型间的变化彼此独立，表明兼具高碳同化性能和高水分利用效率材料的筛选是可能的。通过聚类分析最终筛选出B4362、B51-410、US67-22、BH10-12、C323-87、Co685等6个碳同化能力突出、且同时具有极佳水分利用效率的优异基因型。【结论】国外引进甘蔗栽培品种中蕴含丰富的气体交换参数变异，遗传差异是该变异产生的主要原因。鉴定筛选到6份兼具高碳同化性能和高水分利用效率的优异材料，为甘蔗高光效育种提供了可靠的种质资源和优化建议。

关键词: 甘蔗, 国外引进栽培品种, 光合气体交换参数, 遗传差异, 聚类筛选

Abstract: 【Objective】To identify genotypes with high photosynthesis capacity and to optimize methods for further screening, genetic variations of photosynthetic gas exchange parameters among exotic sugarcane cultivars was investigated. 【Method】Using a LI-6400 portable photosynthesis system, gas exchange measurements were conducted on the youngest fully-expanded leaves of 50 cultivars introduced from abroad at their grand-growth stage. Six parameters were measured, namely photosynthesis (A), stomatal conductance (g_s), intercellular CO₂ concentration (C_i), transpiration rate (E), intrinsic water use efficiency (WUE_intr), and instantaneous water use efficiency (WUE_inst). Key statistics were determined including broad sense heritability, correlations among parameters. Besides, variation in responses among cultivars was characterized using principal component analysis, while cluster and discriminant analysis were conducted for elite screening. 【Result】 Significant genetic variation was found for every parameter, with the order (highest to lowest variation) being g_s, A, E, C_i, WUE_intr, to WUE_inst. Broad heritability was high (>70%) for all parameters except WUE_inst (which was 58.8%). There were significant correlations between all the parameters except that between WUE_inst and E. Stomatal conductance had strong nonlinear relationships with other parameters, consistent with its pivotal role in regulating leaf gas exchange. Two principal components were extracted through principal component analysis, which could be interpreted as being predominately related to "carbon assimilation" and "water use efficiency" respectively. These two components varied independently among the clones, indicating the possibility of screening for elites harboring both high carbon assimilation and high water use efficiency. Cluster analysis identified a group of six genotypes which had both high carbon assimilation and water use efficiency. 【Conclusion】 Significant variation due to genetic differences in gas exchange parameters exists among exotic sugarcane cultivars. An elite group of cultivars with both high carbon assimilation and water use efficiency were identified, including B4362, B51-410, US67-22, BH10-12, C323-87, and Co685. Methods to optimize large-scale screening in sugarcane breeding programs for favorable photosynthetic capacity were also determined and discussed.

Key words: Saccharum spp., exotic cultivars, photosynthetic gas exchange parameters, genetic variation, clustering-based screening

李纯佳，覃伟，徐超华，刘洪博，毛钧，陆鑫. 国外引进甘蔗栽培品种的光合气体交换参数遗传差异与聚类分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2018, 51(12): 2288-2299.

LI ChunJia, QIN Wei, XU ChaoHua, LIU HongBo, MAO Jun, LU Xin. Genetic Variations and Cluster Analysis of Photosynthetic Gas Exchange Parameters in Exotic Sugarcane Cultivars[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(12): 2288-2299.

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