水稻根际和非根际土磷酸酶活性对碳、磷添加的响应

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.09.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究外源养分添加对稻田土壤磷酸酶活性影响的特征，明确水稻根际和非根际土壤胞外磷酸酶活性对碳、磷添加的响应过程，为稻田土壤水肥管理，实现农业可持续利用提供理论指导。【方法】选取湖南长期种植水稻的典型缺磷水稻土，进行盆栽试验。试验设置4个处理，分别为不添加碳磷（CK）、添加碳（C）、添加磷（P）和添加碳磷（CP）。采用96微孔荧光法测定根际土与非根际土的酸性磷酸酶（ACP）和碱性磷酸酶（ALP）活性，同时基于生物可利用性的磷分级方法（BBP法）测量4种磷组分（CaCl₂-P、Citrate-P、Enzyme-P和HCl-P），探讨碳、磷添加对4种生物有效性的磷组分的影响和土壤磷酸酶活性的响应特征。【结果】与CK相比，C、P添加和CP配施处理水稻地上部分生物量分别增加29.76%、84.03%和87.94%（P＜0.05），地下部分生物量分别减少20.13%、增加57.49%和56.53%（P＜0.05）；植物全磷（TP）含量与生物量变化规律一致，C、P和CP添加处理地上部分TP含量比CK分别增加57.23%、95.21%和95.91%（P＜0.05），地下部分TP含量比CK分别减少26.12%、增加45.45%和38.01%（P＜0.05）。根际土pH、NH₄⁺-N和Olsen-P的含量低于非根际土，CP配施处理中根际土微生物量磷（MBP）含量高于非根际土；碳、磷添加对4种基于生物有效性磷组分具有显著调控作用（P＜0.05）；Olsen-P和MBP与ALP呈极显著负相关（P＜0.05），与ACP无显著相关性，表明微生物对速效养分利用明显。冗余分析表明非根际土壤中的酶活性变化主要受Olsen-P、MBP、CaCl₂-P和Citrate-P含量影响；而土壤中含水量、pH、NH₄⁺-N、根系生物量、HCl-P和Enzyme-P含量主要影响水稻根际土壤中的酶活性。【结论】P和CP配施处理能提高缺磷水稻土微生物活性，显著增加水稻生物量，提升根际微生物效应，改善土壤环境，有利于稻田生态系统的健康。

关键词: 磷酸酶活性, 根际, BBP法, 磷循环, 缺磷水稻土, 生物量

Abstract: 【Objective】 Therefore, the objective of this experiment was to study the effects of exogenous nutrient input on soil microbial activity and phosphatase activity which was closely related to the phosphorus cycle in paddy soil, so as to clarify the responses of the phosphorus activity to carbon and phosphorus additions in rice rhizosphere and bulk soils. It is of great significance to guide the fertilization and management of rice soil and to realize the sustainable utilization of farmland. 【Method】 The typical phosphorus-limited rice soil in Hunan was selected for pot experiment. The treatments included: no carbon and phosphorus additions (CK), carbon addition (C), phosphorus addition (P), and carbon and phosphorus additions (CP). Acid phosphatases (ACP) and alkaline phosphatases (ALP) of the rhizosphere and bulk soils were determined by 96-microtiter plateau method. 4 soil phosphorus (CaCl₂-P, Citrate-P, Enzyme-P and HCl-P) were measured by biologically based phosphor (BBP) method to investigate the response of carbon and phosphorus addition and 4 soil phosphorus components based on the biological availability to soil enzyme activity.【Result】Compared with CK, the above-ground biomass of C, P and CP significantly increased by 29.76%, 84.03% and 87.94%, respectively (P＜0.05), and the underground biomass significantly decreased by 20.13% and increased by 57.49% and 56.53%, respectively (P＜0.05), which was consistent with the content of plant total phosphor (P＜0.05). The results showed that pH, the contents of NH₄⁺-N and Olsen-P in rhizosphere soil were significantly lower than those in bulk soil (P＜0.05). The content of microbial biomass phosphorus (MBP) in rhizosphere soil (except CP treatment) was significantly higher than that in bulk soil (P＜0.05). Carbon and phosphorus additions had a significant regulatory effect on 4 soil phosphorus components based on the biological availability in paddy rhizosphere and bulk soils (P＜0.05). Olsen-P and MBP had a significant negative correlation with ALP (P＜0.05), but no significant correlation with ACP, indicating it was obvious for microbes to utilize available nutrients. Phosphatase activity in bulk soil was mainly affected by Olsen-P and MBP, as well as CaCl₂-P and Citrate-P content, while soil water content, pH, NH₄⁺-N and root biomass, as well as HCl-P and Enzyme-P contents mainly affected phosphatase activity in rhizosphere soil. 【Conclusion】 The application of P and CP addition could improve the microbial activity of phosphorus-limited rice soil, increase the biomass significantly, and improve the rhizosphere microbes benefit and amendment the soil environment as well as benefit the health of paddy field ecosystem.

Key words: phosphatases activity, rhizosphere soil, BBP method, phosphorus cycle, phosphorus-limited rice soil, biomass

刘玉槐，魏晓梦，魏亮，祝贞科，葛体达，张艳杰，鲁顺保，吴金水. 水稻根际和非根际土磷酸酶活性对碳、磷添加的响应[J]. 中国农业科学, 2018, 51(9): 1653-1663.

LIU YuHuai, WEI XiaoMeng, WEI Liang, ZHU ZhenKe, GE TiDa, ZHANG YanJie, LU ShunBao, WU JinShui. Responses of Extracellular Enzymes to Carbon and Phosphorus Additions in Rice Rhizosphere and Bulk Soil[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(9): 1653-1663.

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