麦角硫因抑制双孢蘑菇褐变及其与能量代谢关系

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.08.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】控制和降低运输与贮藏过程中的褐变是目前双孢蘑菇保鲜的重点。研究麦角硫因处理对双孢蘑菇采后褐变的抑制效果，进一步分析褐变与能量代谢关系，为控制褐变和延长其保质期提供科学依据和生产指导。【方法】对具有代表性的双孢蘑菇品种AS2796喷涂浓度为0.12 mmol·L^-1的麦角硫因溶液，对照组采用超纯水处理，于4℃低温下贮藏17 d，贮藏时定期测定其褐变度、菌盖白度、丙二醛含量（MDA）和能量相关物质（ATP、ADP、AMP含量）、能荷及琥珀酸脱氢酶（SDH）、细胞色素氧化酶（CCO）、H⁺-ATPase、Ca²⁺-ATPase等线粒体呼吸代谢相关酶活性。【结果】随着贮藏时间的延长，双孢蘑菇的褐变度和MDA含量逐渐增加，菌盖白度不断下降。与对照组相比，麦角硫因处理延缓了MDA含量和褐变度的上升及菌盖白度的下降，保护了细胞膜的完整性，降低了膜脂过氧化程度，有效抑制了双孢蘑菇菌盖表面及内部组织的褐变。贮藏过程中，双孢蘑菇的ATP含量呈现出先上升后下降的趋势，且始终维持在较高水平，最低点（贮藏第17天）也高于0.6 mg·g^-1。整个贮藏期间，双孢蘑菇的ADP和AMP含量逐渐上升，处理组的ATP和AMP含量显著高于对照组（P＜0.05)，而ADP含量始终低于对照组。能荷值不断下降，但处理组双孢蘑菇的能荷值始终略高于对照组。表明麦角硫因处理延缓了双孢蘑菇采后ATP含量的下降，提高了ATP的利用效率，在一定程度上维持了较高的能荷水平。麦角硫因处理的双孢蘑菇SDH、H⁺-ATPase和Ca²⁺-ATPase酶活性显著高于对照组（P＜0.05)，且CCO酶活性在贮藏前期（第5天）和贮藏末期（第17天）相较于对照组也有所提升，从而维持了更好的线粒体功能，保证了ATP的高效合成。【结论】麦角硫因处理明显抑制了双孢蘑菇采后褐变，且其对褐变的抑制作用与能量代谢密切相关。

关键词: 麦角硫因, 双孢蘑菇, 褐变, 能量代谢

Abstract: 【Objective】How to control and reduce the degree of browning in the process of transport and storage is the focus of Agaricus bisporus research work. The objectives of this research were to study the effect of ergothioneine on postharvest browning of Agaricus bisporus, and further investigate the relevance between browning and energy metabolism, so as to provide scientific basis and production guidance for browning control and shelf life extension. 【Method】A representative Agaricus bisporus cultivar AS2796 was chosen as the experimental material. The harvested mushroom was sprayed with 0.12 mmol?L^-1 ergothioneine. The changes of whiteness, browning, MDA content, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content, adenosine diphosphate (ADP) content, adenosine monophosphate (AMP) content, energy charge and the activities of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), cytochrome oxidase (CCO), H⁺-ATPase and Ca²⁺-ATPase of treated samples were determined during storage at 4℃ for 17 days. 【Result】Internal organization browning and MDA content of Agaricus bisporus increased gradually, whereas the whiteness decreased during storage. As compared with the control group, ergothioneine treatment delayed the increase of MDA content and browning degree, effectively reduced the bacteria browning and internal organization browning of Agaricus bisporus. Also, whiteness value of cap of treated Agaricus bisporus was higher than the control group over time. The content of ATP was at a high level, and the lowest point (storage day 17) was also above 0.6 mg?g^-1. Among them, the ATP content of Agaricus bisporus was increased in the early stage of storage, and decreased in the later stage. During the whole storage period, ADP and AMP content both showed a general increasing trend, the ATP and AMP content of treated Agaricus bisporus were distinctly higher than that of the control (P＜0.05), while the ADP content was lower than the control group. The energy charge showed a decreasing trend, and the treated samples were slightly higher than that of the control. Results demonstrated that ergothioneine treatments delayed the decline of ATP content and enhanced the utilization level of ATP in cells of Agaricus bisporus. The activities of SDH, H⁺-ATPase and Ca²⁺-ATPase were obviously higher than that of control during the whole storage (P＜0.05). The activity of CCO at the end (day 17) was higher than that of the control, and was lower than the control in the middle of storage (day 9, day 13). Compared with the control group, ergothioneine treatments inhibited the decrease of the activities of SDH, H⁺-ATPase, and Ca²⁺-ATPase significantly during the storage, which maintained better mitochondrial function. 【Conclusion】All the results indicated that Ergothioneine treatments effectively reduced the postharvest Agaricus bisporus browning, it had a closely relationship with energy metabolism during storage.

Key words: ergothioneine, Agaricus bisporus, browning, energy metabolism

蔺凯丽，黄琦，黄琦辉，靳祯亮，姜天甲，郑小林. 麦角硫因抑制双孢蘑菇褐变及其与能量代谢关系[J]. 中国农业科学, 2018, 51(8): 1568-1576.

LIN KaiLi, HUANG Qi, HUANG QiHui, JIN ZhenLiang, JIANG TianJia, ZHENG XiaoLin. Browning Inhibition and Energy Metabolism Mechanism of Agaricus bisporus by Ergothioneine Treatment[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(8): 1568-1576.

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https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2018/V51/I8/1568

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