猕猴桃园套种吉祥草对土壤酶活性及果实产量、品质的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.08.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究套种吉祥草和清耕对猕猴桃根际土壤微生物数量、酶活性和果实产量品质的影响及其相关性，为丰富猕猴桃生态学理论，猕猴桃优质生产及猕猴桃园套种吉祥草栽培模式的应用提供科学依据。【方法】在猕猴桃行间套种吉祥草，以清耕为对照，测定不同生长期猕猴桃根际土壤细菌、放线菌、真菌数量，脲酶、蔗糖酶、磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶活性和含水量及果实的产量品质，并分析其相互关系。【结果】套种吉祥草可显著提高不同时期猕猴桃根际土壤微生物量和土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶活性，促进猕猴桃产量的增加和品质的改善，并随套种年限的延长趋于增加。连续4年套种吉祥草猕猴桃根际土壤细菌、放线菌和真菌数量比对照分别提高27.85%—54.34%、28.57%—96.05%和16.39%—148.38%，土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶活性和含水量分别为对照的0.20—0.61倍、0.30—0.87倍、0.41—0.65倍、0.23—0.32倍和0.05—0.16倍；果实单果体积和亩产量分别提高3.26%和4.88%；果实达食用时，维生素C、可溶性固形物、可溶性总糖、干物质和可滴定酸分别提高15.24%、5.46%、12.11%、5.63%和4.12%。相关性分析表明，套种吉祥草的猕猴桃树根际土壤微生物数量与脲酶和磷酸酶活性达极显著或显著正相关，与过氧化氢酶活性呈负相关；根际土壤微生物数量和土壤酶活性与猕猴桃果实单果重和品质间具有明显的相关性。【结论】套种吉祥草对提高猕猴桃根际土壤微生物数量和酶活性，增加果实产量和改善品质具有明显作用。

关键词: 猕猴桃, 吉祥草, 套种, 土壤酶活性, 产量, 品质

Abstract: 【Objective】The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of intercropping Reineckia carnea (R. carnea)on the soil microorganism quantity, enzyme activity, kiwifruit fruit yield and quality in kiwifruit orchard, and their correlations were studied, so as to provide a scientific basis of enriching the ecological theory, planting the high quality of kiwifruit and applying the cultivation model of intercropping R. carnea in kiwifruit orchard.【Method】 R. carnea was intercropped in kiwifruit orchard, and non-intercropping as a control. The investigation about populations of bacteria, actinomycete and fungus, activities of urease, sucrase, phosphatase and catalase, water content in the rhizosphere soil of kiwifruit trees at different growth stages, as well as yield and quality of kiwifruit fruits, were carried out, as then the correlations between these parameters were analyzed. 【Result】The results showed that the rhizosphere soil microorganism numbers, four enzyme activities, water content in kiwifruit orchard were increased significantly, the yield of kiwifruit fruits was increased, and the quality of kiwifruit fruits was improved by intercropping R. carnea. There were the increase trend of the above-mentioned results with the extension of intercropping year. Compared with the control, numbers of bacteria, actinomycete and fungus in the rhizosphere soil intercroppedR. carnea for 4 years were increased by 27.85%-54.34%, 28.57%-96.05% and 16.39%-148.38%, respectively; soil urease, sucrase, phosphatase, catalase activities and water content increased by 0.20-0.61 times, 0.30-0.87 times, 0.41-0.65 times, 0.23-0.32 times and 0.05-0.16 times, respectively. Single fruit volume and yield increased by 3.26% and 4.88%, respectively, when the fruit were edible, its vitamin C, soluble solids, total soluble sugar, dry matter and titratable acid increased by 15.24%, 5.46%, 12.11%, 5.63% and 4.12%, respectively. Based on correlation analysis, soil microbial population showed a highly significant or significant positive correlation with urease and phosphatase activities in the rhizosphere soil of R. carnea, which was negatively correlated with catalase activity. And there was a significant correlation among soil microorganism number, enzyme activities, fruit weight and quality. 【Conclusion】The intercropping R. carnea in kiwifruit orchard could increase the soil microorganism populations, enzyme activities and kiwifruit yield, and improve the kiwifruit quality.

Key words: kiwifruit, Reineckia carnea (Andr.) Kunth, intercropping, enzyme activity of soil, yield, quality

张承，王秋萍，周开拓，吴小毛，龙友华，李姣红，尹显慧. 猕猴桃园套种吉祥草对土壤酶活性及果实产量、品质的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2018, 51(8): 1556-1567.

ZHANG Cheng, WANG QiuPing, ZHOU KaiTuo, WU XiaoMao, LONG YouHua, LI JiaoHong, YIN XianHui. Effects of Intercropping Reineckia Carnea on Soil Enzyme Activity and Kiwifruit Fruit Yield, Quality in Kiwifruit Orchard[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(8): 1556-1567.

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