中国农业科学 ›› 2018, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (8): 1475-1483.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.08.005

• 植物保护 • 上一篇    下一篇

番茄叶霉病菌对咯菌腈敏感基线的建立及田间防治效果评价

禾丽菲1,陈乐乐1,肖斌2,赵时峰3,李秀环1,慕卫1,刘峰1

 
  

  1. 1山东农业大学植物保护学院/山东省蔬菜病虫生物学重点实验室/山东省高校农药毒理与应用技术重点实验室,山东泰安 271018;2山东省农药检定所,济南 250100;3莘县农业局,山东聊城 252400
  • 收稿日期:2017-11-16 出版日期:2018-04-16 发布日期:2018-04-16
  • 通讯作者: 刘峰,Tel/Fax:0538-8242611;E-mail:fliu@sdau.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:禾丽菲,E-mail:18763823516@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0200500)、山东省重大科技创新工程(2017CXGC0207)

Establishment of Sensitivity Baseline and Evaluation of Field Control Efficacy of Fludioxonil Against Fulvia fulva

HE LiFei1, CHEN LeLe1, XIAO Bin2, ZHAO Shifeng3, LI XiuHuan1, MU Wei1, LIU Feng1   

  1. 1College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology & Application Technique, Taian 271018, Shandong; 2Shandong Provincial Pesticide Verification Institute, Ji’nan 250100; 3Shenxian Agriculture Bureau, Liaocheng 252400, Shandong
  • Received:2017-11-16 Online:2018-04-16 Published:2018-04-16

摘要: 目的番茄叶霉病是危害温室番茄的重要病害之一,其致病菌对常用杀菌剂已产生不同程度的抗性,亟待开发高效替代药剂。研究旨在探索番茄叶霉病菌(Fulvia fulva)对咯菌腈的敏感性,建立敏感性基线,明确咯菌腈在田间的防治效果。【方法】在山东济南、泰安、聊城、潍坊、莱芜、淄博6个蔬菜产区采集感叶霉病的番茄叶片,经分离纯化后,培养得到126株番茄叶霉菌株;采用菌丝生长速率法和孢子萌发法,测定咯菌腈对3株代表菌株菌丝生长、分生孢子萌发和芽管伸长3个生长发育阶段的抑制活性;利用菌丝生长速率法测定不同地区的126株菌株对咯菌腈的敏感性,并建立敏感性基线。通过两年的田间试验,评价咯菌腈的保护作用和治疗作用。【结果】咯菌腈对番茄叶霉病菌芽管伸长和菌丝生长均有较强的抑制活性,平均EC50值分别为0.30和0.80 μg·mL-1,而对孢子萌发抑制作用较弱,平均EC50值均>100 μg·mL-1。不同地区番茄叶霉病菌群体间对咯菌腈的敏感性均无显著差异。其中,潍坊地区叶霉菌株对咯菌腈敏感性最高,平均EC50值为0.43 μg·mL-1;淄博地区叶霉菌株敏感性相对较低,平均EC50值为0.79 μg·mL-1。泰安、济南、聊城、莱芜地区的叶霉菌株敏感性无显著差异,平均EC50值分别为0.65、0.75、0.71、0.58 μg·mL-1。咯菌腈对供试菌株菌丝生长的EC50值在0.16—1.69 μg·mL-1,平均值为0.64 μg·mL-1,敏感性频率呈单峰曲线分布,符合正态分布,可作为番茄叶霉病菌对咯菌腈的敏感性基线。2016—2017年田间试验表明,咯菌腈对番茄叶霉病均具有较好的防治效果,咯菌腈在60.75 g a.i./hm2剂量下对番茄叶霉病保护作用和治疗作用防治效果分别为72.21%—75.02%和61.94%—70.65%,均显著高于对照药剂苯醚甲环唑100 g a.i./hm2、代森锰锌700 g a.i./hm2和甲基硫菌灵540 g a.i./hm2,与氟吡菌酰胺150 g a.i./hm2防治效果差异不显著;咯菌腈有效成分为40.50 g a.i./hm2时对番茄叶霉病保护作用和治疗作用的防治效果分别高于对照药剂甲基硫菌灵540 g a.i./hm2的保护和治疗防治效果。2017年咯菌腈有效成分为20.25 g a.i./hm2时对番茄叶霉病保护作用和治疗作用的防治效果分别显著高于对照药剂代森锰锌700 g a.i./hm2和甲基硫菌灵540 g a.i./hm2的保护作用和治疗作用的防治效果。咯菌腈对番茄叶霉病的保护作用均高于治疗作用。【结论】咯菌腈对番茄叶霉病菌菌丝生长和芽管伸长具有显著的抑制作用,而对孢子萌发基本无抑制作用,山东省6个蔬菜产区番茄叶霉病菌对咯菌腈相对比较敏感。该药剂在番茄叶霉病的田间防治中具有一定的应用潜力。

关键词: 番茄叶霉病菌, 咯菌腈, 敏感基线, 田间防治效果

Abstract:

ObjectiveTomato leaf mold is one of the most devastating diseases that endanger greenhouse tomato. At present, Fulvia fulva has been reported to develop resistance to common fungicides, and thus the control efficacy reduced. It is necessary to develop and introduce the new and effective alternative fungicides. The objective of this study is to investigate the sensitivity of F. fulva to fludioxonil, establish baseline toxicity and definite the effect of disease prevention of fludioxonil in the field.【Method】The strains of tomato leaf mold were collected from six vegetable production areas, including Ji’nan, Taian, Liaocheng, Weifang, Laiwu and Zibo in Shandong Province. After isolation and purification, 126 strains of F. fulva were obtained. With the methods of inhibition rate on mycelial growth and spore germination, the inhibitory activity of fludioxonil against mycelial growth, spore germination and germ tube elongation at different growth and development stages of 3 representative strains was determined. The sensitivity of 126 strains from different regions in Shandong to fludioxonil was determined by mycelial growth rate method, and the sensitive baseline was also established. Two-year field trials were conducted to evaluate the protective and curative effects of fludioxonil.【Result】Fludioxonil had high inhibitory activity against germ tube elongation and mycelial growth, the average EC50 values were 0.30 and 0.80 μg·mL-1, respectively, but the inhibition of spore germination of F. fulva was weak, the average EC50 values were greater than 100 μg·mL-1. There was no significant difference in the sensitivity of the strains among different populations of tomato leaf mold. Among them, the strains from Weifang had the highest sensitivity to fludioxonil, and the average EC50 value was 0.43 μg·mL-1. The sensitivity of strains from Zibo was relatively low, with an average EC50 value of 0.79 μg·mL-1. There was no significant difference in the sensitivity of F. fulva in Taian, Ji’nan, Liaocheng and Laiwu areas, with average EC50 values of 0.65, 0.75, 0.71, 0.58 μg·mL-1, respectively. EC50 values to fludioxonil ranged from 0.16 to 1.69 μg·mL-1, with a mean of 0.64 μg·mL-1. The average EC50 value of F. fulva to fludioxonil could be regarded as the baseline sensitivity as the sensitivity frequency complied with single peak curve of Gaussian distribution. In 2016-2017, fludioxonil had high control effect on tomato leaf mold, the protective and curative activity of fludioxonil on tomato leaf mold was 72.21%-75.02% and 61.94%-70.65% at the dose of 60.75 g a.i./hm2, which was significantly higher than that of difenoconazole at 100 g a.i./hm2, mancozeb at 700 g a.i./hm2 and thiophanate-methyl at 540 g a.i./hm2, and which had no significant difference with fluopyram at 150 g a.i./hm2. The protective and curative activity of fludioxonil on tomato leaf mold at the dose of 40.50 g a.i./hm2 was significantly higher than that of thiophanate-methyl at 540 g a.i./hm2. In 2017, the protective and curative activity of fludioxonil on tomato leaf mold at the dose of 20.25 g a.i./hm2 was significantly higher than that of mancozeb at 700 g a.i./hm2 and thiophanate-methyl at 540 g a.i./hm2. All the protective effect of fludioxonil against tomato leaf mold was higher than that of the curative ones.【Conclusion】Fludioxonil has good inhibitive activity against germ tube elongation and mycelial growth of F. fulva, but had no effect on spore germination, and the strains from six cities in Shandong Province are relatively sensitive to it. Fludioxonil could be applied before the invasion of the pathogen and has great potential in the control of tomato leaf mold.

Key words: Fulvia fulva, fludioxonil, sensitivity baseline, field control efficacy