中国农业科学 ›› 2017, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (22): 4362-4372.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.22.012

• 园艺 • 上一篇    下一篇

宽皮柑橘种质资源表型多样性分析及综合评价

孙珍珠1,李秋月1,王小柯1,赵婉彤1,2,薛杨1,2,冯锦英1,2,刘小丰1,2,刘梦雨1,江东1,2

 
  

  1. 1西南大学柑桔研究所,重庆 4007122中国农业科学院柑桔研究所,重庆 400712
  • 收稿日期:2017-05-27 出版日期:2017-11-16 发布日期:2017-11-16
  • 通讯作者: 江东,Tel:13983194771;E-mail:jiangdong@cric.cn
  • 作者简介:孙珍珠,Tel:18375735360;E-mail:sunzhenzhu417@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家“十二五”科技支撑计划(2013BAD01B04)、重庆市科委重点项目(cstc2016shms-ztzx80004)

Comprehensive Evaluation and Phenotypic Diversity Analysis of Germplasm Resources in Mandarin

SUN ZhenZhu1, LI QiuYue1, WANG XiaoKe1, Zhao WanTong1,2, XUE Yang1,2, FENG JinYing1,2, LIU XiaoFeng1,2, LIU MengYu1, JIANG Dong1,2   

  1. 1Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400712; 2Citrus Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 400712
  • Received:2017-05-27 Online:2017-11-16 Published:2017-11-16

摘要: 【目的】分析宽皮柑橘的表型多样性和遗传变异规律,探讨柑橘种质资源的综合评价方法。【方法】本研究利用变异系数、Shannon-Weaver多样性指数及方差分析对239份宽皮柑橘的18种表型性状进行多样性分析和性状差异分析,用SPSS进行聚类分析,通过主成分、相关性以及回归分析对宽皮柑橘种质资源进行综合评价和评价指标筛选。【结果】对239份宽皮柑橘表型多样性分析,变异系数结果表明种子数、固酸比、可滴定酸含量及单果重的性状变异比较丰富,果形指数、囊瓣数及可溶性固形物含量的遗传特性相对稳定。遗传多样性指数结果表明,单果重、横径、纵径、囊瓣数、叶柄长、叶长、叶宽、还原糖含量及转化糖含量在每一级分布比较均匀,果皮光滑度、种子数及固酸比分级较少,且在每个表现型上的分布不均匀。对5个不同地理来源的宽皮柑橘资源进行方差分析,结果显示来源于美国的宽皮柑橘品种可溶性固形物和转化糖的含量平均值高于其他地理来源;来源于日本的宽皮柑橘单果重、横径和纵径大于其他地理来源,种子数显著少于其他地理来源;来源于长江流域的宽皮柑橘品种的果型、可溶性固形物、转化糖及还原糖含量大于珠江流域,但固酸比显著低于珠江流域。对野生品种、地方品种、选育品种3种不同类型的宽皮柑橘性状作方差分析,选育品种呈现果型大、果皮光滑、种子少、酸度低、糖度高等特点。系统进化树和主成分分析图均表明不同地理来源、不同类型的宽皮柑橘在遗传水平上存在明显差异,中国小果资源可作为一个独立类群,青皮蜜橘是一份独特的柑橘资源。主成分分析发现,前9个主成分的累计贡献率达81.94%,表明这9个主成分包含了宽皮柑橘表型性状的大部分信息。表型性状的综合评价分析表明,239份宽皮柑橘综合评价F值均值为0.480,来源于日本的爱媛21号的F值最高(0.664),来源于日本的扁橘F值最低(0.211)。18个表型性状与综合值F的相关性分析结果表明,除了果皮光滑度外的17个表型性状数据均与F值呈极显著相关。采用逐步回归分析方法,筛选出9个表型性状:纵径、果形指数、果皮光滑度、囊瓣数、叶柄长、叶宽、可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量以及还原糖含量。【结论】宽皮柑橘种质资源具有较高的表型多样性,不同地理来源、不同类型的宽皮柑橘性状存在差异,筛选出的9个表型性状可作为宽皮柑橘的综合评价指标。

关键词: 宽皮柑橘, 表型多样性, 不同地理来源, 综合评价

Abstract: Objective The objective of this study is to evaluate some major phenotypic characteristics diversity of mandarin germplasms and explore the comprehensive method for screening important mandarin germplasm resources. Method The diversity evaluation of 18 phenotypic traits in 239 mandarin accessions were carried out. Variation coefficients, Shannon-Weaver Information index cluster analysis, principal component analysis, correlation and regression analysis were comprehensively used to evaluate the relationship of characteristics and select important characteristics. Result Based on the variation coefficient of 239 mandarins, large variations were found in the traits of seed numbers per fruit (SNF), the ratio of soluble solids to titratable acidity (TSS/TA), the contents of titratable acid (TA), fruit weight (FW), while genetic characteristics of fruit shape index(FSI), segment numbers per fruit (SNPF), the contents of total soluble solids (TSS) kept relatively stable. Shannon-Weaver Information index showed that the diversity level of FW, fruit diameter (FD), fruit length (FL), SNPF, petiole length (PL), leaf lamina length (LLL), leaf lamina width (LLW), the contents of reducing sugar (RS) and invert sugar (IS) were high, while fruit surface texture(FST), SNF, TSS/TA had low diversity level. The variance analysis was conducted to evaluate the trait difference of 239 mandarin accessions, which divided into five different geographical origins. The result showed that mandarin accessions from America have higher average contents of TSS and IS; the mandarin accessions from Japan have larger FW, FD and FL and lower SNF. Mandarin accessions from the Yangtze River Basin were larger fruit size, higher contents of the TSS, RS and IS than the Pearl River Basin, but lower TSS/TA. Variance analysis for wild germplasms, landraces and bred varieties showed that bred accessions have larger fruits, smoother peels, fewer seeds, lower contents of TA and higher contents of sugar content. Both the cluster analysis and PCA suggested genetic variations were presented in different geographical origins. Small fruit type accession from China should be thought as an unique subgroup, Green Peel Mi Ju is an unique citrus accession. Principal component analysis showed that the variation cumulative contribution rate of the first nine principal components was accounted for 81.94%. The average F value from the comprehensive evaluation of phenotypic traits of 239 mandarins was 0.480. The highest F value (0.664) was given to Ehime Kashi No.21 from Japan. The lowest F value (0.211) was Shikuwasha. The correlation analysis between the phenotypic traits and F value showed that the phenotypic traits except FST were significantly correlated with the F value. Nine phenotypic traits, including fruit length (FL), FSI, FST, SNPF, PL, LLW, the contents of TSS, TA and RS, were selected out as evaluation indexes by stepwise regression analysis. Conclusion Mandarin accessions presented large phenotypic diversity. The traits difference of the accessions from different geographical origins or germplasm types are great. Nine phenotypic traits could be used as important evaluation charaterisitics for screening unique mandarin.

Key words: mandarin, phenotypic diversity, different geographical origins, comprehensive evaluation