禾本科杂草作为防治稻纵卷叶螟的功能性植物的可行性

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.21.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】通过提高植物的多样性来引诱害虫、保护天敌是一种可持续控制害虫的有效途径。稻纵卷叶螟（Cnaphalocrocis medinalis）除水稻外，还可取食多种禾本科杂草，论文旨在利用稻纵卷叶螟对稻田周围不同杂草的喜好性，开发新型的稻纵卷叶螟防控策略。【方法】选取稻田生态系统常见的7种禾本科杂草（稗草Echinochloa crusgalli、秕谷草Leersia sayanuka依据。、马唐Digitaria sanguinalis、牛筋草Eleusine indica、千金子Leptochloa chinensis、双穗雀稗Paspalum distichum和游草Leersia hexandra），于盆钵内人工栽培种植。将盆栽水稻和杂草植株置于纱笼中，接入初羽化的稻纵卷叶螟成虫，分别研究稻纵卷叶螟成虫在杂草与水稻之间的栖息选择性、产卵选择性，以及稻纵卷叶螟在各种杂草上的生物学特性。同时进行田间试验研究稻田田埂种植各种杂草条带（宽1 m）对稻纵卷叶螟成虫栖息、产卵分布的影响，通过赶蛾法调查杂草条带中及距离杂草条带1、5和10 m稻田中的稻纵卷叶螟蛾量，调查不同杂草条带中稻纵卷叶螟的产卵密度及卵被寄生率。【结果】稻纵卷叶螟成虫喜好趋向栖息于秕谷草和马唐，不喜好趋向双穗雀稗，在游草、牛筋草、稗草、千金子和水稻间，稻纵卷叶螟的栖息选择则没有偏向性。稻纵卷叶螟成虫在稗草、牛筋草、千金子、双穗雀稗、游草和水稻之间，偏向在水稻上产卵；秕谷草和水稻之间，偏向在秕谷草上产卵；马唐和水稻之间则没有明显的偏向性。稻纵卷叶螟在7种杂草上都能完成世代，但发育历期存在显著差异，在秕谷草上发育历期最短，双穗雀稗次之，游草、千金子、牛筋草、马唐、稗草和水稻上的发育历期间则没有显著性差异。不同寄主上的稻纵卷叶螟蛹重也存在差异，其中在马唐上的雌蛹、马唐和千金子上的雄蛹蛹重显著轻于在其他寄主植物上的蛹重。在不同寄主植物上稻纵卷叶螟的羽化率差异较大，秕谷草、游草、牛筋草、稗草和水稻上的羽化率为42.17%—51.31%，在千金子和双穗雀稗上最低，仅为11.76%和13.29%。雌性比以水稻和稗草上最高，显著高于其他寄主植物。大田试验表明，除了牛筋草和稗草外，其他杂草均能吸引稻纵卷叶螟栖息且在单位面积内的虫量显著高于稻田中的稻纵卷叶螟的数量。各种杂草上稻纵卷叶螟卵量差异显著，以秕谷草、游草、稗草和千金子上着卵量最多，每分蘖草上的着卵量达2.92—3.92粒，双穗雀稗和马唐分别为2.16和1.72粒，牛筋草最少。不同禾本科杂草上稻纵卷叶螟卵的被寄生率差异显著，介于21.90%—55.61%。其中，秕谷草和游草上的卵寄生蜂数量分别为1.47和1.42头/分蘖，为各种禾本科杂草上最高。【结论】秕谷草最具有成为防治稻纵卷叶螟的功能性植物的潜力，研究结果可为开发稻纵卷叶螟绿色防控新技术提供理论

关键词: 稻纵卷叶螟, 禾本科杂草, 寄主植物, 栖境选择性, 产卵选择性, 生态适应性, 功能性植物

Abstract: 【Objective】Increasing plant diversity is an effective way for sustainable pest control through trapping pests, protecting natural enemies. Host plants of rice leaffolder (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis) include rice and some graminaceous plants. The objective of this study is to develop a new strategy of C. medinalis control based on the preference of C. medinalis to graminaceous plants and rice plants. 【Method】Seven common graminaceous weeds (Leersia sayanuka, Paspalum distichum, Digitaria sanguinalis, Leersia hexandra, Leptochloa chinensis, Echinochloa crusgalli, and Eleusine indica) around rice fields were selected as the potential hosts in the experiments. These weeds were planted in pots and were placed into cages with rice plants, C. medinalis adults were also introduced into the cages, then thehabitat and oviposition preference of C. medinalis to graminaceous weeds and rice, and the biological fitness of C. medinalis on graminaceous weeds were studied. Furthermore, the effects of graminaceous weeds, which were planted on bund as 1 m width, on the distribution and oviposition of C. medinalis and egg parasitoids were evaluated in rice fields. Meanwhile, population density of C. medinalis in bund planted with different graminaceous weeds and that in the site with 1, 5 and 10 m from bund were recorded by chasing moth method. Number of C. medinalis eggs, parasitized eggs and parasitism rate on different graminaceous weeds in the field were also investigated. 【Result】C. medinalis adults prefer to the habitat of L. sayanuka and D. sanguinalis, and do not prefer P. distichum. There was no significant difference between L. hexandra, E. indica, L. sayanuka, L. chinensis and rice. C. medinalis adults prefer to lay eggs on rice compared with L. sayanuka, E. crusgalli, E. indica, L. chinensis, P. distichum and L. hexandra. L. sayanuka significantly attracted C. medinalis adult to lay more eggs than rice. No significant difference on oviposition preference was found between D. sanguinalis and rice. C. medinalis could complete their generation on all seven tested graminaceous weeds. However, significant difference on development time was detected among treatments. Lowest development time was found on L. sayanuka, followed with P. distichum. There was no significant difference on development time among L. hexandra, L. chinensis, E. indica, D. sanguinalis, E. crusgalli and rice. Plant hosts significantly impact the pupal weight. Female pupal weight from D. sanguinalis, male pupal weight from D. sanguinalis and L. chinensis were significantly lighter than those from the other host plants. The emergence rates of C. medinalis from different host plants varied largely, which from L. sayanuka, L. hexandra, E. indica, E. crusgalli, and rice were ranged from 42.17%-51.31%; but which fromL. chinensis and P. distichum were as low as 11.76% and 13.29%, respectively. Female rate of C. medinalis reared on rice and E. crusgalli was significantly higher than those reared on the other host plants. Field experiments indicated that graminaceous weeds could attract more C. medinalis adults than rice, except E. indica and E. crusgalli. There were significant differences on the number of C. medinalis eggs on different graminaceous weeds, which was ranged from 2.92-3.92 per tiller on L. sayanuka, L. hexandra, E. crusgalli and L. chinensis. The mean number of C. medinalis eggs on P. distichum and D. sanguinalis was 2.16 and 1.72, respectively; and lowest eggs on E. indica. The parasitism rate of C. medinalis eggs by egg parasitoids was varied significantly among different graminaceous weeds, ranged from 21.90%-55.61%. The mean number of parasitized C. medinalis eggs was 1.47 and 1.42 per tiller on L. sayanuka and L. hexandra,respectively, which was highest than those on the other graminaceous weeds. 【Conclusion】The results imply that L. sayanuka has the most potential to be used as a functional plant for controlling C. medinalis. The results could provide a theoretical foundation for developing new green C. medinalis management technology.

Key words: Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, graminaceous weed, host plants, habitat selection, oviposition selection, ecological fitting, functional plant

郑许松，田俊策，杨亚军，朱平阳，李宽，徐红星，吕仲贤. 禾本科杂草作为防治稻纵卷叶螟的功能性植物的可行性[J]. 中国农业科学, 2017, 50(21): 4129-4137.

ZHENG XuSong, TIAN JunCe, YANG YaJun, ZHU PingYang, LI Kuan, XU HongXing, Lü ZhongXian. The feasibility of using graminaceous weeds as a functional plant for controlling rice leaffolder (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis)[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2017, 50(21): 4129-4137.

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