酒用糯高粱资源成株期抗旱性鉴定及抗旱指标筛选

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.08.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】干旱是影响酒用糯高粱生产的主要因素之一，鉴定酒用糯高粱资源成株期的抗旱性，筛选抗旱指标，培育抗旱品种，对高粱产业的发展具有重要意义。【方法】以50份酒用糯高粱资源为材料，于2015年和2016年设置正常灌水和干旱胁迫2个处理在旱棚内进行田间试验，测定株高、穗长、茎粗、分蘖数、穗粒数、千粒重、单株粒重和产量，采用抗旱性度量值（D值）、综合抗旱系数（CDC值）、加权抗旱系数（WDC）、相关分析、频次分析、主成分分析、灰色关联度分析、隶属函数分析、聚类分析和逐步回归分析相结合的方法，对其进行成株期抗旱性鉴定及抗旱指标筛选。【结果】干旱胁迫对各指标均有极显著影响。相关分析表明，产量与分蘖数、穗粒数和单株粒重呈极显著正相关，与穗长、茎粗和千粒重呈显著正相关，与株高呈不显著的正相关。频次分析表明，各指标对干旱胁迫反应的敏感程度依次为产量、穗粒数、分蘖数、单株粒重、千粒重、茎粗、穗长和株高。主成分分析表明，5个主成分可代表酒用糯高粱抗旱性84.26%的原始数据信息量。基于D值、CDC值和WDC值的供试酒用糯高粱材料抗旱性排序相近。灰色关联度分析表明，各指标DC值与D值间的关联度大小依次为产量、分蘖数、穗粒数、单株粒重、千粒重、穗长、茎粗和株高，这与各指标DC值与WDC值的密切程度基本吻合。根据D值进行聚类分析，可将供试酒用糯高粱材料划分为5个抗旱级别，其中Ⅰ级2份、Ⅱ级16份、Ⅲ级28份、Ⅳ级2份、Ⅴ级2份。除茎粗和分蘖数外，其余指标的隶属函数值、CDC值、D值和WDC值均随抗旱级别的升高而增大。逐步回归分析表明，与D值密切相关的指标有分蘖数、穗粒数和单株粒重。【结论】干旱胁迫对酒用糯高粱资源成株期各指标均有极显著影响。确定了D值为适宜的抗旱性鉴定方法。筛选出成株期抗旱性强的酒用糯高粱材料分别为粱丰141-3和粱丰247-3，可为酒用糯高粱抗旱育种、抗旱机理及干旱调控缓解机制的研究提供基础材料。分蘖数、穗粒数和单株粒重可作为酒用糯高粱资源成株期简单、直观的抗旱性评价指标。

关键词: 高粱, 成株期, 抗旱性, 抗旱指标, 综合评价

Abstract: 【Objective】Drought is one of the major problems for liquor-making waxy sorghum production. Drought resistance identification, indices screening, and cultivar breeding of liquor-making waxy sorghum resources are important for sorghum industrial development.【Method】The plant height, spike length, culm diameter, tiller number, grain number per spike, 1000-grain weight, grain weight per plant, and yield of 50 liquor-making waxy sorghum materials were measured in the normal irrigation and drought stress treatments in field experiments in rainprotection shed during 2015 and 2016. Drought resistance comprehensive evaluation value (D value), comprehensive drought resistance coefficient (CDC value), weight drought resistance coefficient (WDC value), correlation analysis, frequency analysis, principal component analysis, grey relational analysis, subordinate function analysis, clustering analysis, and stepwise regression analysis were used to identify the drought resistance and to screen drought resistance indices of tested liquor-making waxy sorghum materials at adult plant stage.【Result】Drought stress had significant effects on all indices. Correlation analysis showed that the yield was significantly and positively correlated with tiller number, grain number per spike, grain weight per plant, spike length, culm diameter, and 1000-grain weight but not with plant height. Frequency analysis showed that the sensitive degrees of all indices response to drought stress in turn for yield, grain number per spike, tiller number, grain weight per plant, 1000-grain weight, culm diameter, spike length, and plant height. Principal component analysis showed that 5 principal components could represent 84.26% of the original data information of liquor-making waxy sorghum drought resistance. The ranks of drought resistance based on the D value, CDC value, and WDC value were similar. Grey relational analysis showed that the correlation degree between DC value of all indices and D value in turn for yield, tiller number, grain number per spike, grain weight per plant, 1000-grain weight, spike length, culm diameter, and plant height, which was similar to the correlation degree between DC value of all indices and WDC value. According to D value clustering analysis, tested liquor-making waxy sorghum materials were divided into 5 drought resistance grades, 2 belonged to grade I, 16 belonged to grade II, 28 belonged to grade III, 2 belonged to grade IV, and 2 belonged to grade V. The subordinate function values of tested indices except for culm diameter and tiller number, CDC value, D value, and WDC value were increased with increase of drought resistance grades. Stepwise regression analysis showed that the tiller number, grain number per spike, and grain weight per plant were closely related to the D value.【Conclusion】Drought stress had significant effects on all indices of liquor-making waxy sorghum resources at adult plant stage. D value was determined as the appropriate method for drought resistance identification. Liangfeng 141-3 and Liangfeng 247-3 were identified as drought resistance liquor-making waxy sorghum materials at adult plant stage, which could provide basic materials for the researches on cultivar breeding, mechanism, and regulation and alleviation mechanism of drought resistance in liquor-making waxy sorghum. The tiller number, grain number per spike, and grain weight per plant could be used as the simple and intuitive identification indices of drought resistance in liquor-making waxy sorghum resources at adult plant stage.

Key words: sorghum, adult plant stage, drought resistance, drought resistance indices, comprehensive evaluation

汪灿，周棱波，张国兵，徐燕，张立异，高旭，高杰，姜讷，邵明波. 酒用糯高粱资源成株期抗旱性鉴定及抗旱指标筛选[J]. 中国农业科学, 2017, 50(8): 1388-1402.

WANG Can, ZHOU LingBo, ZHANG GuoBing, XU Yan, ZHANG LiYi, GAO Xu, GAO Jie, JIANG Ne, SHAO MingBo. Drought Resistance Identification and Drought Resistance Indices Screening of Liquor-Making Waxy Sorghum Resources at Adult Plant Stage[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2017, 50(8): 1388-1402.

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