负压灌溉下不同钾水平对小油菜生长的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.04.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】负压灌溉是一种新型供水技术，能显著节水节肥，本文拟研究5个不同钾水平对小油菜生长的影响，并比较负压灌溉下不同压力对黏壤土含水量的影响，为小油菜钾肥的合理施用提供科学指导。【方法】以小油菜为研究对象，设置4个供水处理（0，-5，-10和-15 kPa）和无钾（K0）、1倍钾（K1，150 kg·hm^-2）、1.5倍钾（K1.5，225 kg·hm^-2）、2倍钾（K2，300 kg·hm^-2）、3倍钾（K3，450 kg·hm^-2）5个钾肥处理，确定小油菜在负压灌溉下最佳施钾量和供水压力。【结果】（1）负压灌溉不同压力下黏壤土含水量分别为28.52%、22.45 %、18.13%、15.4%，其中-5—-10kPa供水压力范围内土壤含水量为18.13%—22.45%，较为适宜作物生长，为最佳供水压力。（2）不同钾水平对小油菜产量影响显著，1.5倍钾处理产量最高，比1倍钾处理产量提高16.9%，但过量施钾产量反而显著下降。（3）不同钾水平对油菜硝酸盐含量影响显著，施钾显著降低硝酸盐含量，1.5倍钾处理硝酸盐含量比1倍钾低26.3%。（4）不同钾水平显著影响作物吸收氮磷钾的量，1.5倍钾吸收氮钾量比1倍钾处理分别高15.8%、76.3%，但吸收磷的量低于1倍钾。（5）施钾能显著提高作物钾肥利用率和钾肥农学效率，1.5倍钾钾肥利用率和农学效率比1倍钾提高173.32%和83.9%。（6）施钾比不施钾POD，SOD酶活提高69.8%和93%。不同钾水平显著影响抗氧化酶表达，相比1倍钾，1.5倍钾显著提高了POD、SOD、PPO、PAL表达量，但类黄酮和总酚表达与1倍钾处理无差异。【结论】负压灌溉下黏壤土最佳供水压力为-10—-5 kPa。在此负压灌溉条件下，从不同钾水平对小油菜生长、品质及养分吸收等指标来看，1.5倍钾处理为最佳钾肥施用水平。

关键词: 负压灌溉, 小油菜, 钾, 产量, 品质

Abstract: 【Objective】Negative pressure irrigation is a new type of water supply technology. In this paper, the effects of five different potassium levels on growth, quality, nutrient uptake, utilization ratio and antioxidant enzyme activity of bok choy were compared. 【Method】In this experiment, five K fertilizer treatments including K0, K1, K1.5, K2 and K3, and 4 water supply treatments including 0, -5, -10, and -15 kPa were designed to study the effects of different potassium levels on bok choy growth. 【Result】(1) The soil moisture in clay loam under different pressures of water, respectively, was 28.52%, 22.45% and 18.13%, 15.4%, and when water pressures were between -5 and -10 kPa, the soil moisture was 18.13%-22.45%, which was suitable for crop growth. (2) The effect of different potassium levels on bok choy yield was significant, and that in K1.5 treatment was the highest, and increased by 16.9% compared with K1. The yield in K3 treatment was significantly decreased. (3) The effect of different potassium levels on the nitrate content of bok choy was significant, and potassium could significantly reduce nitrate content, nitrate content in K1.5 treatment decreased by 26.3% compared with that in K1. (4) Different potassium levels significantly affected the amount of nutrients uptake, nitrogen and potassium absorption of K1.5 were increased by 15.8% and 76.3% compared with that in K1. Phosphorus uptake in K1.5 treatment was less than that in K1. (5) K1.5 improved K utilization of crop by 173.32% compared with K1, and K1.5 significantly improved the agronomic efficiency of fertilizer, and increased by 83.9% compared with K1. (6) Compared to K1, K1.5 significantly increased the expression of the activities of POD, SOD, PPO, and PAL, but the flavonoid and total phenolic was not different with K1. 【Conclusion】 It was concluded that K1.5 was the best potassium application level. The optimum water supply pressure was -10--5 kpa kPa for clay loam.

Key words: negative pressure irrigation, bok choy, potassium, yield, quality

赵秀娟，宋燕燕，岳现录，张淑香，武雪萍，龙怀玉. 负压灌溉下不同钾水平对小油菜生长的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2017, 50(4): 689-697.

ZHAO XiuJuan, SONG YanYan, YUE XianLu, ZHANG ShuXiang, WU XuePing, LONG HuaiYu. Effect of Different Potassium Levels on the Growth of Bok Choy Under Negative Pressure[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2017, 50(4): 689-697.

0
/ / 推荐

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks

链接本文: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.04.009

https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2017/V50/I4/689

参考文献

[1] Kaukoranta T, Murto J, Takala J, Tahvonen R. Detection of water deficit in greenhouse cucumber by infrared thermograph and reference surfaces. Scientia Horticulturae, 2005, 106(4): 447-463.

[2] 雷廷武, 江培福, 肖娟. 负压自动补给灌溉原理及可行性试验研究. 水利学报, 2005, 36(3): 98-302.

Lei T W, Jiang P F, Xiao J. Principle of negative pressure difference irrigation system and feasibility experimental study. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2005, 36(3): 98-302. (in Chinese)

[3] 邹朝望, 薛绪掌, 张仁铎, 耿伟, 李邵. 负水头灌溉原理与装置. 农业工程学报, 2007, 23(11): 17-21.

Zou C W, Xue X Z, Zhang R D, Geng W, Li S. Principle and equipment of negative pressure irrigation. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2007, 23(11): 17-21. (in Chinese)

[4] 李邵, 薛绪掌, 郭文善, 李霞, 陈菲. 负水头供水控水盆栽装置及灌溉系统的研究与应用. 上海交通大学学报: 农业科学版, 2008, 26(5): 478-482.

Li S, Xue X Z, Guo W S, Li X, Chen F. Study and application of negative pressure water supplying, controlling pot device and irrigation system. Journal of Shanghai jiaotong University: Agricultural Science, 2008, 26(5): 478-482. (in Chinese)

[5] 邹朝望. 负水头灌溉技术基础研究[D]. 武汉: 武汉大学, 2007.

Zou C W. Fundamental research of negative hydraulic head irrigation technique[D]. Wuhan: Wuhan University, 2007. (in Chinese)

[6] 刘明池. 负压自动灌水蔬菜栽培系统的建立与应用[D]. 北京: 中国农业科学院, 2001.

Liu M C. Development and application of a new auto-irrigating cultivation system with negative pressure[D]. Beijing: Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2001. (in Chinese)

[7] 江培福, 雷廷武, Vincent F Bralts, 刘汉. 土壤质地和灌水器材料对负压灌溉出水流量及土壤水运移的影响. 农业工程学报, 2006, 22(4): 19-23.

Jiang P F, Lei T W, Vincent F Bralts, LIU H. Effects of soil textures and emitter material on the soil water movement and efficiency of negatively pressurized irrigation system. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2006, 22(4): 19-22. (in Chinese)

[8] 李邵, 薛绪掌, 郭文善, 张伟娟, 陈菲. 水肥耦合对温室盆栽黄瓜产量与水分利用效率的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2010, 16(2): 376-381.

LI S, XUE X Z, GUO W S, Zhang W J, Chen F. Effects of water and fertilizer coupling on yield and water use efficiency in greenhouse potted cucumber. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 2010, 16(2) : 376- 381. (in Chinese)

[9] 胡笃敬, 董任瑞, 葛旦之. 植物钾营养的理论与实践. 长沙: 湖南科学技术出版社, 1993.

HU D J, DONG R R, GE D Z. Theory and Practice of Potassium Nutrition in Plants. Changsha: Hunan science and Technology Press, 1993. (in Chinese)

[10] 张漱茗, 阎华, 江丽华. 钾肥对蔬菜产量品质和硝酸盐含量的影响. 肥料与农业发展. 北京: 中国农业科学技术出版社, 1999: 482-486 .

ZHANG S M, YAN H, JIANG L H. Effects of potash fertilizer on yield and quality of vegetable and nitrate content influence. Fertilizer and Agricultural Development. Beijing: China Agricultural Science and Technology Press, 1999: 482-486. (in Chinese)

[11] 白厚义, 陈佩琼, 顾明华. 氯化钾对旱藕产量及品质的影响. 肥料与农业发展, 北京: 中国农业科学技术出版社, 1999: 552 .

BAI H Y, CHEN P Q, GU M H. Effects of potassium chloride on yield and quality of dry lotus effect. Fertilizer and agricultural development. Beijing: China Agricultural Science and Technology Press, 1999: 552. (in Chinese)

[12] DONG H Z, KONG X Q, Li W J. Effects of plant density and nitrogen and potassium fertilization on cotton yield and uptake of major nutrients in two fields with varying fertility. Field Crops Research, 2010, 119(1): 106 -113．

[13] 王桂良, 黄玉芳, 叶优良. 不同钾肥品种和用量对小麦产量品质和养分吸收利用的影响. 干旱地区农业研究, 2009, 27(5): 35-40．

WANG G L, HUANG Y F, YE Y L. Effects of different K sources and rates on grain yield, quality and nutrient absorption of wheat. Agricultural Research in Arid Areas, 2009, 27(5): 35-40. (in Chinese)

[14]何萍, 金继运. 氮钾营养对春玉米叶片衰老过程中激素变化与活性氧代谢的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 1999, 5(4): 289-296.

HE P, JIN J Y. Effect of N and K nutrition on changes of endogenous hormone and metabolism of active oxygen during leaf senescence in spring maize. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 1999, 5(4): 289-296. (in Chinese)

[15] 周冀衡, 李卫芳, 王丹丹, 余佳斌. 钾对病毒侵染后烟草叶片内源保护酶活性的影响. 中国农业科学, 2000, 33 (6): 98-100.

ZHOU J H, Li W F, WANG D D, Yu J B. Effect of potassium on the activity of internal source protective enzyme in tobacco leaf infected with mosaic virus. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2000, 33(6): 98-100. (in Chinese)

[16] 许前欣, 赵振达, 李季平. 钾肥对蔬菜产量品质及效应研究. 土壤肥料, 1999(2): 23 -25 .

XU Q X, ZHAO Z D, LI J Q. Study on the effect of potassium fertilizer on the yield and quality of vegetables. Soil and fertilizer, 1999(2): 23 -25. (in Chinese)

[17] 曾德武, 刘强, 彭建伟. 不同稻田土壤钾素丰缺水平下施用钾肥的效应及对土壤肥力的影响. 湖南农业科学, 2012(3): 37-40.

ZENG D W, LIU Q, PENG J W. Effects of applying potassium fertilizer to paddy soil with different levels of potassium and impact of applying potassium fertilizer on soil fertility. Hunan Agricultural Sciences, 2012(3): 37-40. (in Chinese)

[18] 邹朝望, 薛绪掌, 张仁铎. 基于负水头下土壤水分一维水平运动理论与实验研究. 土壤通报, 2006, 37(5): 841-846.

ZOU C W, XUE X Z, ZHANG R D. Hydraulic characteristics of one dimensional horizontal soil water flow. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2006, 37(5): 841-846. (in Chinese)

[19] 辛琛, 王全九, 樊军. 负水头条件下的水平一维土壤水分入渗特性. 农业工程学报, 2007, 23(9): 20- 26.

XIN C, WANG Q J, Fan J. Characteristics of horizontal one- dimensional soil water in filtration under negative hydraulic head. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2007, 23(9): 20-26. (in Chinese)

[20] 万克江. 水分精确控制下小麦、黄瓜和菠菜若干生理指标的变化[D]. 北京: 中国农业大学, 2005.

WAN K J. The dynamics of some physiological characteristics of wheat, cucumber and spinach under water precision controlled[D]. Beijing: China Agriculture University, 2005. (in Chinese)

[21] 耿伟, 薛绪掌, 王志敏. 不同供水吸力下豆角若干生理指标的变化. 中国农学通报, 2006, 22(5): 206-210.

GENG W, XUE X Z, WANG Z M. Changes of some physiological indices in common bean under water supply tension. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2006, 22(5): 206-210. (in Chinese)

[22] 耿伟, 万克江, 薛绪掌, 王志敏. 负压供水下菠菜某些生理指标的变化. 农业系统科学与综合研究, 2006, 22(4): 248-251.

GENG W, WAN K J, Xue X Z, Wang Z M. Variation of some physiological parameters under negative pressure water supply in spinach. System Sciemces and Comprehensive Studies in Agriculture, 2006, 22(4): 248-251. (in Chinese)

[23] 耿伟, 王春艳, 薛绪掌, 王卫光. 负压供水下盆栽大豆叶片的光合生理研究. 节水灌溉, 2007, 12(1): 5-8.

GENG W, WANG C Y, Xue X Z, Wang W G. Study on photosynthetic physiology of potted plant soybean leaves under negative pressure water supply. Water Saving Irrigation, 2007, 12(1): 5-8. (in Chinese)

[24] 李邵, 薛绪掌, 郭文善, 李霞, 陈菲. 供水吸力对温室黄瓜产量与水分利用效率的影响, 中国农业科学, 2010, 43(2): 337-345.

LI S, XUE X Z, GUO W S, LI X, Chen F. Effects of water supply tension on yield and water use efficiency of greenhouse cucumber. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2010, 43(2): 337-345. (in Chinese)

[25] 李邵, 薛绪掌, 齐飞, 周长吉, 郭文善, 陈菲. 不同营养液浓度对温室盆栽黄瓜产量与品质的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2011, 17(6):1409-1416.

LI S, XUE X Z, QI F, ZHOU C J, Guo W S, Chen F. Effects of different nutrient solution contents on yield and quality of greenhouse potted cucumber. Plant Nntrition and Fertilizer Science, 2011, 17(6): 1409-1416. (in Chinese)

[26] 钟诚, 张军保, 韩晓明, 杜清胜. 不同土壤质地田间持水量实验成果分析. 东北水利水电, 2014(5): 64-70.

ZHONG C, ZHANG J B, HAN X M, DU Q S. Experimental results of field water holding capacity of different soil textures. Northeast Water Conservancy and Hydropower, 2014(5): 64-70. (in Chinese)

[27] 王旭东, 于振文, 王东. 钾对小麦茎和叶鞘碳水化合物含量及子粒淀粉积累的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2003, 9(1): 57- 62.

WANG X D, YU Z W, Wang D. Effect of potassium on carbohydrate contents in stem and sheath and starch accumulation of kernels in wheat. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 2003, 9(1): 57-62. (in Chinese)

[28] BHASKAR C V, Rao G R, Reddy K B. Effect of nitrogen and potassium nutrition on sheath rot incidence and phenol content in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Indian Journal of Plant Physiology, 2001, 16(3): 254-257.

[29] SHAARMA S R, Kolte S J. Effect of soil applied NPK fertilizers on severity of black spot disease (Alternaria brassicae ) and yield of oilseed rape. Plant and Soil, 1994, 167(2): 313- 320.

[30] 唐湘如, 官春云. 施钾对油菜酶活性的影响及其与产量品质的关系. 中国农学通报, 2001, 17(3): 4- 7.

TANG X R, GUAN C Y. Effects of K supply on activity of several enzymes in the oilseed rape and their relationships to the yield and quality. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2001, 17(3): 4-7. (in Chinese)

[31]魏胜林, 秦煊南. 氮钾水平与多酚氧化酶活性对柠檬流胶病抗性的影响. 西南农业大学学报, 1996, 18(1): 6-9.

WEI S L, QING X N. Effects of nitrogen, potassium and the activity of polyphenol oxidate on the resistance of lemon gummosis. Journal of Southwest Agricultural University, 1996, 18(1): 6-9. (in Chinese)