六倍体（AnAnCnCnCoCo）与白菜型油菜杂交可交配性及后代菌核病抗性

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.01.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】利用亲本种遗传资源是改良甘蓝型油菜的重要手段。以甘蓝型油菜与菌核病抗性甘蓝杂交合成的六倍体为桥梁，与大量的白菜型油菜杂交，合成杂种，探索改良甘蓝型油菜菌核病抗性的策略。【方法】采用菌核病抗病甘蓝（C01）与甘蓝型油菜（中双9号）杂交合成六倍体，通过分析六倍体的育性、菌病抗性和减数分裂行为来分析其作为桥梁材料转移菌核病抗性的可能性；将六倍体与110份白菜型油菜杂交，通过考察杂种发育和可交配性来分析六倍体与白菜型油菜杂交的可行性；通过鉴定杂种的苗期表型特征、自交结实率及离体茎秆的菌核病抗性来分析杂种在改良甘蓝型油菜遗传背景上的利用潜力。【结果】该六倍体的花粉育性为90.6%—92.7%，自交结实率为3—7粒/角果；菌核病抗性显著高于对照品种（中双9号）；处于减数分裂后期I的花粉母细胞中，68.80%（86/125）的染色体分离比为28﹕28。110份春性、冬性和半冬性的白菜型油菜与六倍体杂交，授粉15 d后的胚珠发育正常，并且都能收获成熟种子，平均可交配性为（4.25±3.91）粒/角果。尽管不同基因型之间的可交配性存在显著差异，但是不同生态型的白菜型油菜与六倍体杂交的可交配性无显著差异（半冬性：（4.35±3.77）粒/角果，春性：（4.34±4.51）粒/角果，冬性：（4.01±3.43）粒/角果；P=0.44）。六倍体作为母本或者父本与白菜型油菜杂交都能结籽，而且没有显著性差异（六倍体为母本：平均结实率为4.27粒/角果；六倍体为父本：平均结实率为3.95粒/角果；P=0.69）。六倍体与白菜型油菜杂交创建的杂种，苗期形态似甘蓝型油菜，但是表型变异丰富；杂种都能自交结籽，平均自交结实率为（7.72±4.45）粒/角果；来自不同生态型的白菜型油菜与六倍体合成的杂种自交结实率无显著性差异（冬性白菜型油菜合成的杂种平均自交结实率：（8.07±3.43）粒/角果，半冬性：（7.88±4.64）粒/角果，春性：（6.41±3.00）粒/角果，P=0.95）。经过两年的离体茎秆菌核病抗性鉴定，6份杂种的菌核病发病程度两年均显著低于中双9号（P＜0.05）。【结论】以六倍体为桥梁能有效地将甘蓝型油菜亲本种的优良性状导入到甘蓝型油菜中。

关键词: 六倍体, 甘蓝型油菜, 白菜型油菜, 可交配性, 菌核病

Abstract: 【Objective】 Utilization of parental species is helpful to broaden and improve genetic basis of Brassica napus. A strategy of using hexaploid derived from hybrid between B. napus and B. oleracea as bridge was evaluated to improve B. napus by crossing with B. rapa. 【Method】 Hexaploid derived from interspecific hybrid between B. napus (Zhongshuang 9) and B. oleracea (C01, high resistant to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) was developed to cross with B. rapa by evaluating its fertility, meiotic chromosome segregation and resistance to S. sclerotiorum. Hybrids between hexaploid and 110 B. rapa were developed to evaluate crossability, seed setting percentage and resistance to S. sclerotiorum. 【Result】Hexaploid had higher resistance to S. sclerotiorum than Zhongshuang 9. Its pollen fertility was 90.6%-92.7%, seed setting was 3-7 seeds/pod. The 68.80% pollen mother cells at anaphase I was 28﹕28. The hybrids between 110 B. rapa and hexaploid could be obtained when hexaploid was used as either female or male parent, with an average seed setting rate of (4.25±3.91) seeds/pod (hexaploid used as female parent: 4.27 seeds/pod, male: 3.95 seeds/pod on average, P=0.69). Embryos 15 d after pollination grew well when crossing hexaploid with B. rapa. Although crossability among genotypes of B. rapa with hexaploid was different, no significant difference was detected in crossability among ecotypes of B. rapa (semi-winter: (4.35±3.77) seeds/pod, spring: (4.34±4.51) seeds/pod, winter: (4.01±3.43) seeds/pod，P=0.44). Hybrids owned kinds of morphology at the seedling stage, but were similar with B. napus. Seed setting rate of hybrids was (7.72± 4.45) seeds/pod on an average, without significant difference among hybrids derived from spring, winter and semi-winter ecotypes of B. rapa (seed setting rate of hybrids derived from winter: (8.07±3.43) seeds/pod, semi-winter: (7.88±4.64) seeds/pod, spring: (6.41±3.00) seeds/pod, P=0.95). Compared with Zhongshuang 9, 6 hybrids had higher resistance to S. sclerotiorum via two years identification (P＜0.05). 【Conclusion】It was concluded that it is an efficient way to improve B. napus by transferring elite traits from parental species via hexaploid strategy.

Key words: hexaploid, Brassica napus, B. rapa, crossability, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

李勤菲，陈致富，刘瑶，梅家琴，钱伟. 六倍体（AⁿAⁿCⁿCⁿC^oC^o）与白菜型油菜杂交可交配性及后代菌核病抗性[J]. 中国农业科学, 2017, 50(1): 123-130.

LI QinFei, CHEN ZhiFu, LIU Yao, MEI JiaQin, QIAN Wei. Crossability and Sclerotinia Resistance among Hybrids between Hexaploid (AⁿAⁿCⁿCⁿC^oC^o) and Brassica rapa[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2017, 50(1): 123-130.

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六倍体（AⁿAⁿCⁿCⁿC^oC^o）与白菜型油菜杂交可交配性及后代菌核病抗性

Crossability and Sclerotinia Resistance among Hybrids between Hexaploid (AⁿAⁿCⁿCⁿC^oC^o) and Brassica rapa

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