中国农业科学 ›› 2017, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (1): 51-63.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.01.005

• 耕作栽培·生理生化·农业信息技术 • 上一篇    下一篇

外源硒对谷子生理特性、硒含量及其产量和品质的影响

穆婷婷1,2,杜慧玲1,张福耀2,景小兰3,郭琦2,李志华2,刘璋2,田岗4   

  1. 1山西农业大学农学院,山西太谷030801;2山西省农业科学院高粱研究所,山西榆次030600;3山西省农业科学院推广处,太原 030031;4山西省农业科学院谷子研究所,山西长治 046011
  • 收稿日期:2016-05-27 出版日期:2017-01-01 发布日期:2017-01-01
  • 通讯作者: 杜慧玲,E-mail:duhuiling66@163.com
  • 作者简介:穆婷婷,Tel:0354-8593662;E-mail:ting_ting2006@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家“十二五”科技支撑计划(2014BAD07B01)、山西省科技攻关计划(20130311005-1)

Effects of Exogenous Selenium on the Physiological Activity, Grain Selenium Content, Yield and Quality of Foxtail Millet

MU TingTing1,2, DU HuiLing1, ZHANG FuYao2, JING XiaoLan 3, GUO Qi2LI ZhiHua2, LIU Zhang2, TIAN Gang4   

  1. 1 College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi; 2 Sciences, Yuci 030600, Shanxi; 3Promotion department,Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan 030031; 4Institute of Millet, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changzhi 046011, ShanxiInstitute of Sorghum, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural
  • Received:2016-05-27 Online:2017-01-01 Published:2017-01-01

摘要: 【目的】探索不同生育期喷施不同浓度硒对谷子产量、品质、保护酶活性及籽粒硒含量的变化规律,明确谷子外源硒的最佳施用量和最佳施用期,为富硒谷子的生产管理提供科学依据。【方法】以春谷长农35、夏谷冀谷20、抗除草剂杂交谷晋谷50为试验材料,采用田间试验,设置6个供硒水平(清水对照(T0)、16.96 g·hm-2 Na2SeO3T1)、33.92 g·hm-2 Na2SeO3T2)、67.84 g·hm-2 Na2SeO3T3)、135.68 g·hm-2 Na2SeO3T4)、271.36 g·hm-2 Na2SeO3T5)),在苗期、抽穗期、灌浆期叶面喷施,研究不同生育期不同供硒水平对不同品种谷子生理生化指标、产量、品质及硒含量的影响。【结果】不同浓度外源硒叶面处理谷子,不同生育期SPAD、POD、SOD、MDA、GSH和GSH-Px等6个生理生化指标,品种间达极显著差异水平(P<0.01),并且除MDA外,其他均主要表现为随着硒浓度的增加呈现先升高后降低的趋势,T3处理达到最大,抽穗期SOD、POD、GSH-Px的活性、GSH含量和SPAD分别比对照增加18%、44%、94%、97.4%和9%。外源硒能够显著提高谷子籽粒硒含量,并且不同喷施时期、不同品种均随着喷施硒浓度的增加而增加,喷施时间对籽粒硒含量的影响为灌浆期>抽穗期>苗期,不同品种同一时期表现为晋谷50 >长农35>冀谷20。在摄入硒的安全范围内,灌浆期T3处理,晋谷50籽粒硒含量达到0.297 mg·kg-1,比对照增加8.6倍。叶面喷施硒可以提高谷子粗蛋白、脂肪、赖氨酸和叶酸等营养品质的含量,不同喷施时期不同品种谷子粗蛋白、赖氨酸和叶酸含量与对照相比,均表现为T3处理增加最多,最高增加了13.9%、17.9%和7.5%。与对照相比,不同浓度硒可以提高谷子产量,具体表现为随着硒浓度的增加先增加后减小,以T3处理达到最大,之后为减小趋势。抽穗期T3处理晋谷50、冀谷20、长农35产量与对照相比分别增加4.9%、4.7%和1.2%。【结论】适量的外源硒对谷子生理特性提升、营养品质改善和产量提高具有促进作用,也有利于富硒功能食品谷子的生产。综合分析,抽穗期喷施亚硒酸钠67.84 g·hm-2为谷子叶面喷施硒的最佳施用期和最佳施用量。

关键词: 谷子, 硒含量, 产量, 生理指标, 品质指标

Abstract: 【Objective】At different growth stages of the foxtail millet, selenium was sprayed at different concentrations to study the change rule of millet yield components, quality, protective enzyme activity and grain selenium content to determine the optimum amount of selenium and spraying period for foxtail millet, so as to provide a theoretical basis for production of selenium-rich foxtail millet. 【Method】The varieties Changnong35, Jigu20 and Jingu50 were used as test materials, and 6 selenium concentrations were designed, 0 Na2SeO3 (T0), 16.96 g·hm-2 Na2SeO3 (T1), 33.92 g·hm-2 Na2SeO3 (T2), 67.84 g·hm-2 Na2SeO3 (T3), 135.68 g·hm-2 Na2SeO3 (T4), 271.36 g·hm-2 Na2SeO3 (T5). Study on influence of selenium levels on different stages of different millet varieties physiological and biochemical indexes, yield, quality and the content of selenium, spraying in seedling stage, heading stage and filling stage. 【Result】The different development stages of the different concentration of exogenous selenium foliar treatment millet, SPAD, POD, SOD, MDA, GSH and GSH-Px 6 physiological and biochemical indexes difference reached extremely significant level among varieties (P<0.01). In addition to the MDA, other physiological indexes increase at first and then descend with the Se concentration increasing, reached the maximum when selenium concentrations T3. The activity of SOD, POD and GSH-Px, the content of GSH and SPAD values respectively after spraying treatment and compared with the control increased by 11.8%, 44%, 94%, 97.4% and 9% more than CK under heading spraying. Exogenous selenium can significantly improve the millet grain selenium content, and spraying at different time, different varieties increased with spraying selenium concentrations increased. Spraying time impact on grain selenium content in filling stage>heading stage>seedling stage, filling stage spraying influence on selenium content of different varieties Jingu50>Changnong35>Jigu20. Filling stage T3 treatment, Jingu50 grain selenium content reached 0.297 mg·hm-2, which was increased by 8.6 times compared to the CK within the scope of the safety of the intake of selenium. Foliar spraying selenium can improve crude protein, lysine, and folic acid content of the foxtail millet, different spraying period different millet varieties T3 treatment of crude protein, lysine and folic acid content is the highest, compared with the control increased by 13.9%, 17.9% and 7.5%. Different concentration of selenium can improve millet production at T3 treatment achieve maximum, increase first and then decrease with selenium concentrations increased. Heading spraying T3 selenium concentration, production of Jingu50, Jigu20 and Changnong35 compared with the control respectively increased by 4.9%, 4.7% and 1.2%. 【Conclusion】The right amount of exogenous selenium on foxtail millet can play a significant role in promoting physiological characteristics, quality and production, Se-rich millet production prospects. At heading stage spraying sodium selenite at 67.84 g·hm-2 is an optimal concentration and best period of millet foliar spraying selenium.

Key words: foxtail millet, grain selenium content, yield, physiological indexes, quality indexes