化学杀雄剂SQ-1和阿拉伯葡聚糖蛋白对小麦品种间杂交及远缘杂交成胚率的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2016.24.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探究化学杀雄剂SQ-1对小麦品种间、小麦与近缘植物间、小麦与远缘植物间杂交成胚率的影响，以及阿拉伯葡聚糖蛋白对小麦与玉米杂交成胚率和得苗率的影响。研究结果对于合理选用小麦杂交方式，提高小麦杂交结实率和利用玉米诱导小麦单倍体植株的效率具有重要意义。【方法】通过在小麦拔节期喷施化学杀雄剂SQ-1，开花期分别授以小麦花粉和远缘植物（黑麦、玉米）花粉，并在小麦授玉米花粉后的处理液中加入不同浓度的阿拉伯葡聚糖蛋白（arabinogalactan proteins，AGP），对小麦与玉米杂交后产生的幼胚进行离体拯救培养，统计授粉小花数、接种幼胚数、膨大颖果数、结实粒数、萌发单倍体幼胚数和单倍体植株数，计算结实率、颖果膨大率、成胚率、萌发率和成苗率并对所得数据进行差异显著性分析，结合细胞学观察结果，研究SQ-1对小麦品种间杂交及远缘杂交结实性的影响，以及AGP对小麦单倍体胚诱导率的影响。【结果】在不同小麦品种间杂交中SQ-1处理结实率19.8%—83.3%，人工去雄的结实率为69.4%—93.0%，SQ-1对不同品种的影响不同，Fielder对SQ-1的反应比较敏感；在中国春与兰州黑麦杂交中，SQ-1处理的结实率为65.5%，人工去雄处理的结实率为78.8%，两种处理方式产生的F₁杂种的染色体数均为28条；在不同小麦品种与玉米品种郑单58杂交中，SQ-1处理小麦单倍体胚的成胚率为1.11%—1.41%，人工去雄小麦单倍体胚的成胚率为2.38%—14.29%；在小麦与玉米杂交后的处理液中添加0.5—2.0 g·L^-1 AGP一定程度地提高了小麦单倍体胚获得率和成苗率。另外，在玉米花粉诱导的单倍体胚离体培养过程中，发现13.07%的胚发育出了2—6株苗；显微镜观察发现，玉米花粉诱导后18 d左右小麦单倍体胚上出现了多个突起，这些突起在离体培养条件下进一步发育为形态健全的小植株，其染色体数目均为21条。【结论】化学杀雄剂SQ-1减低了小麦品种间杂交及小麦与黑麦、玉米间杂交的成胚率，AGP提高了小麦与玉米间杂交单倍体成胚率和成苗率。

关键词: 普通小麦, 化学杀雄剂SQ-1, 阿拉伯葡聚糖蛋白, 小麦品种间杂交, 远缘杂交, 单倍体胚

Abstract: 【Objective】The aims of this study are to clarify the effect of SQ-1 on the embryo formation in the hybridization among wheat varieties and between wheat and its relative or wild species as well as the effect of AGP on haploid embryo production and haploid plant production in the cross of wheat and maize. The findings in this study will be potentially useful to the efficiently conduction of wheat hybridization breeding and haploid breeding.【Method】In this study, the effectiveness of SQ-1 on the seed-setting after wheat varieties are crossed with other wheat varieties, rye, and maize, and AGP on haploid wheat induction in the cross between wheat and maize were investigated by spraying wheat plants with SQ-1 at booting stage, pollinating the sterile spikes with wheat, rye or maize pollens at flowering period, and treating the wheat spikes pollinated maize pollens with an AGP containing solution, respectively. In addition, in vitro culture was used to rescue the haploid wheat embryos from wheat and maize crossing. Florets pollinated, caryopses formed, grains obtained, embryos cultured, embryos germinated, and plantlets obtained were counted to calculate, caryopses formation rate, setting rate, haploid embryos induction rate, haploid embryos induction rate, and haploid production rate. All the data were analyzed for significant difference evaluation. 【Result】It was found that seed setting rate for the crossing among wheat varieties was 19.8%-83.3% from SQ-1 treatment, and 69.4%-93.0% from artificial emasculation treatment. But, different wheat varieties as female parent showed different responses to SQ-1, and Fielder displayed the most sensitivity to SQ-1. For the wild crossing between a wheat line Chinese Spring (CS) and a rye line Lanzhou Heimai, the seed setting rate was 65.5% from SQ-1 treatment, and 78.8% from artificial emasculation method. All the F₁ hybrids from the two treatments had 28 chromosomes. For the wild crossing between wheat and maize, wheat haploid embryo induction rate was 1.11%-1.41% from SQ-1 treatment, and 2.38%-14.29% from artificial emasculation method. Compared with the control treatment, application of 0.5-2.0 g·L^-1 AGP in the treating solution assisted the wheat haploid embryo production rate to be improved to 17.0% from 11.5%. Besides, in the wheat haploid embryos induced by maize pollen, it was found that 13.07% of the embryos developed 2-6 seedlings. Under a microscope, more than one original embryonic axis were observed on the haploid wheat embryos induced by maize pollen when they were rescued by in vitro culture on medium. Cytological examination revealed that the in vitro culture wheat plants had 21 chromosomes. 【Conclusion】The above results indicated that SQ-1 application reduced not only seed setting in the cross among different wheat varieties and between wheat and rye, but also haploid wheat embryo induction rate in the cross between wheat and maize. AGP application improved haploid wheat embryo induction, germination, and plantlets obtaining rates between the hybridization of wheat and maize.

Key words: common wheat, chemical hybridization agent (CHA)SQ-1, arabinogalactan proteins (AGP), hybridization among wheat varieties, wide crosses, haploid embryos

王坤杨，张伟，张双喜，刘宏伟，王轲，杜丽璞，林志珊，叶兴国. 化学杀雄剂SQ-1和阿拉伯葡聚糖蛋白对小麦品种间杂交及远缘杂交成胚率的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2016, 49(24): 4824-4832.

WANG Kun-yang, ZHANG Wei, ZHANG Shuang-xi, LIU Hong-wei, WANG Ke, DU Li-pu, LIN Zhi-shan, YE Xing-guo. Effect of Chemical Hybridization Agent SQ-1 and Arabinogalactan Proteins on the Embryos Obtaining in Wheat Intervarietal and Wild Crosses[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2016, 49(24): 4824-4832.

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