关键词: SH系矮化中间砧, 富士苹果, 树体生长, 产量, 品质

Abstract: 【Objective】Effect of different dwarfing interstocks of SH on growth, yield and fruit quality in ‘Fuji’ apple trees was in-depth studied to provide a theoretical basis and mentoring programs for the selection of suitable dwarfing interstock.【Method】 The ‘Fuji’ apple tree seedlings with different SH dwarf interstock (SH1, SH3, SH6, SH9 or SH40) planted in spring 2009 were used to investigate the dynamic changes of tree growth, yields and fruit qualities from 2010 to 2015. The spacing was 1.5 m×5 m, fine-spun spindle pruning.【Result】There were big differences in the tree growth, fruit yield and quality between ‘Fuji’ apple trees with different SH dwarf interstocks. The tree trunk and total amount of branch were increased along with growth of tree age during the second to seventh year. SH6 dwarfing interstock tree trunk circumference was significantly smaller than others, and the trunk circumferences of SH3 and SH40 dwarfing interstock trees were significantly larger than the other lines. In the first four years, with the growth of age, the proportion of long branch was decreased, the increasing proportion of short branches of all SH dwarf interstock was increased. From the fifth year, the number and proportion of branches of different lengths began to be stable. The ratio of short shoots of SH6 dwarfing interstock apple tree was the highest (63.81%), and the proportion of long branches was the smallest (7%). Variation of branch growth was firstly decreased year by year and then became stable. Annual growth of shoots of SH6 dwarfing interstock trees in the seven year maintained minimum, and the annual growth of shoots of SH3 dwarfing interstock tree showed that the previous two years was high and then quickly came down. All SH dwarfing interstock apple trees began to have production in the fourth year, the cumulative average yield per plant of SH3, SH6, SH9 and SH40 dwarfing interstock apple trees was more than 75 kg, and there was no significant difference among them. The production of SH1 tree was significantly lower than the other four rootstocks. The yield stability of SH6 dwarf interstock was the best, and the yield stability of SH9 dwarf interstock was the worst. The distribution of fruits of SH6 dwarf interstock in different parts of the canopy was the most uniform. The proportion of big fruits (the proportion of fruits weighted more than 200 g) from high to low in order was SH40＞SH6＞SH3＞SH9＞SH1. There was no significant difference in average weight of fruit weight, fruit shape and fruit hardness among all SH dwarfing interstock apple trees. The coefficient of variation of fruit shape index of SH6 dwarfing interstock apple trees was the least, and the consistency of its fruit shape was good. The content of soluble solid and solid-acid ratio of its fruit was significantly better than that of the other five stocks.【Conclusion】According to the survey data of seven years, the ‘Fuji’ apple with SH6 dwarf interstock showed small tree, large total branch amount, moderate growth, early bearing, high and stable yield, and good fruit quality compared with the others.

Key words: SH dwarf interstock, ‘Fuji&rsquo, apple, tree growth, yield, fruit quality