中国农业科学 ›› 2016, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (21): 4169-4178.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2016.21.011

• 土壤肥料·节水灌溉·农业生态环境 • 上一篇    下一篇

连续施肥对不同肥力稻田土壤基础地力和土壤养分变化的影响

鲁艳红1,2,廖育林1,2,3,聂 军1,2,3,周 兴1,2,谢 坚1,2,杨曾平1,2

 
  

  1. 1湖南省土壤肥料研究所,长沙 4101252农业部湖南耕地保育科学观测实验站,长沙 410125
    3南方粮油作物协同创新中心,长沙 410128
  • 收稿日期:2016-03-29 出版日期:2016-11-01 发布日期:2016-11-01
  • 通讯作者: 聂军,E-mail:junnie@foxmail.com
  • 作者简介:鲁艳红,Tel:0731-84693197;E-mail:luyanhong6376432@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家“十二五”科技支撑计划(2013BAD07B11)、国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203013)、湖南省自然科学基金(2016JJ6063)、国际植物营养研究所(IPNI)资助项目(Hunan-17)

Effect of Successive Fertilization on Dynamics of Basic Soil Productivity and Soil Nutrients in Double Cropping Paddy Soils with Different Fertilities

LU Yan-hong1,2, LIAO Yu-lin1,2,3, NIE Jun1,2,3, ZHOU Xing1,2, XIE Jian1,2, YANG Zeng-ping1,2   

  1. 1Soil and Fertilizer Institute of Hunan province, Changsha 410125
    2
    Scientific observing and experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation (Hunan), Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410125
    3Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, Changsha 410128
  • Received:2016-03-29 Online:2016-11-01 Published:2016-11-01

摘要: 【目的】研究双季稻种植制度下,连续3年施肥与不施肥对不同肥力土壤基础地力产量、基础地力贡献率、土壤氮磷钾表观平衡和土壤养分变化的影响,为不同肥力土壤基础地力培育及土壤肥力维持和提升提供参考。【方法】从32年长期施用不同肥料定位试验的不施任何肥料(CK)、施氮磷钾肥(NPK)和氮磷钾肥配施稻草(NPKS)处理采取土壤,分别代表3种不同肥力水平,设置连续3年施肥与不施肥处理的盆栽试验,监测双季水稻产量、土壤基础地力产量、基础地力贡献率和土壤氮磷钾养分的变化。【结果】在试验期间,不同肥力土壤的早晚稻基础地力产量、基础地力贡献率均表现为:NPKS处理土壤>NPK处理土壤>CK处理土壤,且随着试验年限的延长,不同肥力土壤之间的差异呈逐渐缩小趋势,到试验第3年,不同肥力土壤之间的差异变得不显著。无论施肥或不施肥,初始肥力越高的土壤经3年6季水稻种植,由作物收获带走的氮、磷、钾养分越多。不同肥力土壤在连续施肥条件或不施肥条件下,肥力养分变化规律存在较大差异,这种差异与水稻种植体系中养分输入-输出平衡状况有一定关系。【结论】初始肥力越高的土壤如果连续不施肥,其基础地力下降得越快。因此,对于地力水平较低的土壤应注重合理施肥,培育和提高农田土壤肥力和基础地力;地力水平较高的土壤也应注意高效合理补充养分,以维持土壤较高的肥力水平和持续生产力。

关键词: 双季稻田, 不同肥力, 土壤基础地力, 土壤养分, 连续施肥

Abstract: 【Objective】Effects of successive fertilization for 3 years on the dynamic change of basic soil productivity (BSP) yield, contribution rate of basic soil productivity, apparent balance of NPK and soil nutrients in paddy soils with different fertilities under double-cropping rice system were studied to provide reference for basic soil productivity cultivation and soil fertility maintaining and improving in different fertility soils.【Method】A pot experiment based on three different fertility soils collected from a long-term fertilizer experiment including no fertilizer (CK), NPK fertilizer (NPK) and NPK fertilizer plus rice straw (NPKS) was conducted. Two treatments were designed including no fertilizer (NF) and NPK application (CF) for three years for the above soils to monitor the impacts of these treatments on the changing characteristics of rice yield, BSP yield, BSP contribution rate of double-cropping rice, soil NPK nutrients and soil organic matter.【Result】Results showed that the orders both of BSP yield and BSP contribution rate in soils with different fertilities were NPKS treatment soil>NPK treatment soil>CK treatment soil during the period of the experiment, and the differences of BSP yield and BSP contribution rate among different fertility soils decreased with the experimental years. The differences of BSP yield and BSP contribution rate among soils with different fertilities were insignificant in the last experimental year. Whether fertilization or no fertilization, the higher fertility was of the initial soil, more nitrogen, phosphate and potassium nutrients were taken away from soil by rice plant in six seasons of three years rice planting. There were greater differences between different fertility soils in nutrient fertility change rule under continuous fertilization or no fertilization, which had a certain relationship with the nutrient input-output balance in rice planting system.【Conclusion】The higher the initial soil fertility, the faster the basic soil productivity declined under successive no fertilization. Therefore, reasonable fertilization in low fertility soil should be attached great importance in order to cultivate and improve soil fertility and basic soil productivity, and scientific and attention also should be paid to reasonable adding nutrients in high fertility soil to maintain relatively higher level of soil fertility and sustainable productivity.

Key words: double cropping paddy soil, different fertilities, basic soil productivity, soil nutrition, successive fertilization