中国农业科学 ›› 2015, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (10): 1996-2006.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.10.012

• 土壤肥料·节水灌溉·农业生态环境 • 上一篇    下一篇

日光温室甜瓜根系生长及单果重的水氮耦合效应

岳文俊1,2,张富仓1,2,李志军1,2,吴立峰1,2   

  1. 1西北农林科技大学/旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室,陕西杨凌 712100
    2中国旱区节水农业研究院,陕西杨凌 712100
  • 收稿日期:2014-12-09 出版日期:2015-05-16 发布日期:2015-05-16
  • 通讯作者: 张富仓,Tel:029-87091151;E-mail:zhangfc@nwsuaf.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:岳文俊,E-mail:xjyuewenjun@sina.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家“863”计划(2011AA100504)、教育部高等学校创新引智计划(B12007)

Effects of Water and Nitrogen Coupling on Root Growth and Single Fruit Weight of Greenhouse Muskmelon

YUE Wen-jun1,2, ZHANG Fu-cang1, 2, LI Zhi-jun1, 2, WU Li-feng1, 2   

  1. 1Northwest A&F University/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100
    2Institute of Water-saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi
  • Received:2014-12-09 Online:2015-05-16 Published:2015-05-16

摘要: 【目的】研究不同灌水量和施氮量对温室甜瓜根系生长及单果重的影响,探讨根系生长与单果重和水氮供应的关系,为温室甜瓜的水氮管理提供科学依据。【方法】根据日光温室内光温湿等环境参数,以‘一品天下208’甜瓜为试验材料,试验设灌水量(W)和施氮量(N)2个因素,采用Penman-Monteith修正公式确定灌水量,设置0.7ETc、1.0ETc和1.3ETc3个水分水平;施氮量在常规施氮量N2(130 kg N·hm-2)的基础上设置了一个下限施氮量N1(70 kg N·hm-2)和一个上限施氮量N3(180 kg N·hm-2)3个氮素水平,共9个处理。应用完全随机区组试验设计,研究不同水氮处理组合对温室甜瓜根系生长分布及单果重的影响。【结果】甜瓜根系在0—30 cm土层内,随着土层深度的加深,根长增加幅度变缓;在相同水处理条件下,甜瓜总根长、单果重、水分利用效率均随施氮量的增加,呈现先增加后减小的趋势,在中水中氮(W2N2)条件下,根系总长和单果重达到最大值,分别为6 625.48 cm和818.94 g;在相同氮处理条件下,甜瓜根系总长和单果重随灌水量的增加,呈现先增加后减小的趋势,水分利用效率随灌水量的增加逐渐降低,氮肥偏生产力随施氮量的增加而减小。细根根长、根系干质量与产量显著相关,根系越发达,甜瓜产量增加越明显。表明合理的灌水量和施氮量可以促进根系对水分和养分的吸收,进而提高产量。甜瓜根系总长在垂直方向上的分布变化规律可以采用方程:y=A(1-Bx)进行模拟,模型决定系数R2达到0.9以上。采用主成分分析法对甜瓜根系生长状况进行综合评价,结果表明综合主成分能够反映出全部根系信息的92.727%,综合评价最高的处理为中水中氮(W2N2)。不合理的灌水和施氮导致甜瓜单果重、根系各项特征参数、水分利用效率和氮肥偏生产力明显降低。【结论】在本试验条件下,滴灌施肥的施氮量和灌水量控制在N2(130 kg N·hm-2)和W2(1.0ETc)时有利于促进根系生长,进而提高甜瓜单果重以及水氮利用效率是试验地区膜下滴灌条件下温室甜瓜生产中适宜的水氮组合。

关键词: 甜瓜, 日光温室, 水氮耦合, 根系生长, 单果重

Abstract:

【Objective】The objective of this experiment is to study the effects of different water and nitrogen levels on root growth and a fruit weight of greenhouse muskmelon, to explore the relationships between root growth, single fruit weight and water and nitrogen supply, and to provide a scientific basis for water and reasonable nitrogen application of local greenhouse muskmelon.【Method】According to the environment parameters (light, temperature, humidity, etc.) inside the solar greenhouse, ‘Yi pin tian xia 208’ of muskmelon was chosen as the test cultivar, irrigation application amount was determined by using modified Penman- Monteith equation. A total of 9 treatments were designed. Muskmelon plants were subjected to three irrigation treatments, that wass 70%, 100% and 130% of crop ETc (Evapotranspiration) and three N levels, including low nitrogen level N1 (70 kg N·hm-2), traditional nitrogen level N2 (130 kg N·hm-2) and high nitrogen level N3 (180 kg N·hm-2). Treatments were completely arranged randomly. A greenhouse muskmelon crop was grown under mulched drip irrigation conditions to investigate the effects of different water and nitrogen levels on root growth, distribution and single fruit weight.【Result】 Most of the total root lengths were concentrated on the 0-30 cm soil layer. Total root length increased slowly as soil layer increased. Total root length, single fruit weight and water use efficiency of muskmelon descended with the rising of irrigation water amount at the same nitrogen level. The highest values of total root length and single fruit weight were observed in W2N2, which were 6 625.48 cm and 818.94 g, respectively. Total root length and single fruit weight of muskmelon showed a trend of decreasing after the first increasing with the rising of irrigation water amount at the same nitrogen level. Water use efficiency descended with the rise of irrigation application rate, PFPN descended with the rise of nitrogen application rate. There was a significant relationship between root length with less than 2 mm, root dry weight and yield,and the correlation reached a significant level, the more root growth, the higher yield would increase, reasonable amount of irrigation water and nitrogen fertilizer could promote root system to absorb water and nutrients, thus increasing production.【Conclusion】The change rule of total root length in the depth of root vertical direction could be simulated by the equation y=A(1-Bx), the equation determination coefficient R2 reached more than 0.9. The principle component analysis method was used to evaluate the root growth of muskmelon, and the results showed that comprehensive principle component could represent 97.27% total root information, the highest comprehensive evaluation was obtained in W2N2. Unreasonable irrigation and nitrogen applications could result in reducing single fruit weight, characteristic parameters of muskmelon root, water use efficiency and partial factor productivity from applied N. It was concluded that the irrigation level W2 and nitrogen level N2 could be recommended as the best combination of water and nitrogen, which promoted the root growth, improved single fruit weight, water and nitrogen use efficiency of muskmelon in the muskmelon production under drip irrigation with plastic film mulching in the experimental area.

Key words: muskmelon, solar greenhouse, water and nitrogen coupling, root growth, single fruit weight