中国农业科学 ›› 2015, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (7): 1453-1462.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.07.20

• 畜牧·兽医·资源昆虫 • 上一篇    

意大利蜜蜂工蜂幼虫饲料中适宜色氨酸水平

赵凤奎,胥保华,王红芳   

  1. 山东农业大学动物科技学院,山东泰安 271018
  • 收稿日期:2014-10-10 出版日期:2015-04-01 发布日期:2015-04-01
  • 通讯作者: 王红芳,E-mail:wanghongfang22@163.com
  • 作者简介:赵凤奎,E-mail:zhaofengkui@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家蜂产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-45)、山东省农业良种工程项目

Appropriate Level of Tryptophan for Apis mellifera Worker Bee Larvae Feed

ZHAO Feng-kui, XU Bao-hua, WANG Hong-fang   

  1. College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong
  • Received:2014-10-10 Online:2015-04-01 Published:2015-04-01

摘要: 【目的】研究意大利蜜蜂(Apis mellifera)工蜂幼虫饲料中适宜色氨酸水平,为探明意大利蜜蜂工蜂幼虫发育阶段的色氨酸营养需要提供理论依据。【方法】选用1日龄工蜂幼虫1 008只,随机分为7组,每组3个重复,每个重复48只幼虫,分别饲喂色氨酸水平为7.84、8.84、9.84、10.84、11.84、12.84和13.84 mg?g-1 的7种日粮。取5日龄工蜂幼虫虫体测定色氨酸羟化酶(tryptophan hydroxylase,TPH)基因与5羟色胺受体(5-hydroxytryptamine receptors, 5-HTR)1、2α、2β、7基因表达量;取6日龄工蜂幼虫虫体测定总蛋白、丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量、总抗氧化能力(total antioxidant capacity,T-AOC);取6日龄工蜂幼虫血淋巴测定其中游离色氨酸水平;7日龄时,统计工蜂化蛹率;取9日龄工蜂蛹测定色氨酸体沉积量,统计21日龄工蜂出房数目,计算羽化率。【结果】色氨酸水平为10.84 mg?g-1时,6日龄工蜂化蛹率最高,6日龄工蜂幼虫虫体蛋白含量最高,9日龄工蜂蜂蛹色氨酸体沉积最多,21日龄工蜂羽化率最高。色氨酸水平为10.84—11.84 mg?g-1时,5日龄工蜂幼虫TPH基因表达量最高,5日龄工蜂幼虫5-HT受体1、2α、2β基因表达水平最高,6日龄工蜂幼虫血淋巴游离色氨酸含量最高。5日龄工蜂幼虫5-HT受体7基因表达量在色氨酸水平为7.84—11.84 mg?g-1时,处于较低水平,12.84—13.84 mg?g-1时显著高于其他水平(P<0.05)。6日龄工蜂幼虫MDA含量在色氨酸水平为7.84—11.84 mg?g-1时较低,12.84—13.84 mg?g-1时含量显著高于其他水平(P<0.05)。6日龄工蜂幼虫T-AOC在色氨酸水平为7.84—9.84 mg?g-1时处于较低水平,10.84—11.84 mg?g-1时处于较高水平,12.84—13.84 mg?g-1时显著高于其他水平。【结论】意大利蜜蜂工蜂幼虫饲料适宜色氨酸水平为10.84—11.84 mg?g-1

关键词: 意大利蜜蜂, 工蜂, 幼虫, 色氨酸, 适宜水平

Abstract: 【Objective】 The objective of this research is to study the appropriate levels of tryptophan in Apis mellifera worker bee larvae feed, and to provide a theoretical basis for the nutritional needs of tryptophan. 【Method】 A total of 1 008 one-day-old larvae were randomly divided into seven groups of three replicates of 48 larvae, and were fed different diets with tryptophan at the levels of 7.84, 8.84, 9.84, 10.84, 11.84, 12.84 and 13.84 mg?g-1, respectively. The 5-day-old worker bee larvae were used for measuring TPH (tryptophan hydroxylase) gene and 5-HTR (5-hydroxytryptamine receptors) 1, 2α, 2β, 7 gene expression. The 6-day-old worker bee larvae as samples for determining total protein content, MDA (malondialdehyde), T-AOC (total antioxidant capacity), and the 6-day-old larval hemolymph was taken to be used for measuring the level of free tryptophan. The pupation rate was calculated at 7-day-old. Deposition amount of tryptophan was analyzed using 9-day-old pupa, and the worker bee eclosion rate was calculated at 21-day-old.【Result】Pupation rate and larvae total protein content at 6-day-old, tryptophan deposition at 9-day-old pupa and worker bee eclosion rate at 21-day-old were the highest when the tryptophan level was 10.84 mg?g-1. The expressions of TPH, 5-HT receptors 1, 2α and 2β genes of larvae at 5-day-old and hemolymph free tryptophan content of larvae at 6-day-old were elevated significantly by 10.84-11.84 mg?g-1 tryptophan (P<0.05). However, 5-HT receptor 7 gene expression of 5-day-old worker bee larvae and MDA level of 6-day-old worker bee larvae fed 12.84-13.84 mg?g-1 tryptophan were higher than worker bee larvae fed 7.84-11.84 mg?g-1 tryptophan (P<0.05). Dietary supplied with 10.84-13.84 mg?g-1 tryptophan improved significantly 6-day-old worker bee larvae T-AOC compared with dietary with 7.84-9.84 mg?g-1 tryptophan (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 The appropriate level of tryptophan for A. mellifera worker bee larvae is 10.84-11.84 mg?g-1.

Key words: Apis mellifera, worker bee, larvae, tryptophan, appropriate level