粉垄栽培对水稻产量和品质的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2012.19.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探索农耕新方法粉垄栽培水稻的可行性及其对水稻产量和品质的影响。【方法】以Y两优1号, 汕小占为供试材料，传统翻耕浆耙栽培为对照(CK)，进行早稻粉垄栽培和晚稻免耕抛秧栽培试验，对相关性状和产量、品质进行调查和测定;并对粉垄后第三造轻耕种植水稻的产量及土壤的紧实度进行调查。【结果】粉垄栽培与CK相比，早造粉垄稻田耕层厚度加深7 cm，土壤速效养分多数指标增加10%以上，水稻总根数量及白根数量分别增加14.83%—25.36%、20.18%—97.78%，稻株生物产量增加29.96%—31.89%，结实率增加7.62%，稻谷产量增加23.87%，整精米率、蛋白质分别增加15.95%、14.61%；晚造免耕抛秧比CK的总根数量和白根数量分别增加6.02%—22.75%、48.03%—65.91%，产量增加9.25%，整精米率、蛋白质分别增加7.43%、5.61%；早晚两造合计增产16.48%，增加收入6 706.5元/hm2；粉垄后第三造轻耕种植水稻收获时耕作层土壤的紧实度比对照降低68.00%—333.33%，产量增加7.97%。【结论】粉垄栽培水稻，当造和后一造免耕均可行，均能提高稻谷产量和改善稻米品质，增加纯收益；粉垄后第三造仍能提高稻谷产量，粉垄后稻田具有持续增产能力。

关键词: 粉垄栽培, 水稻, 产量, 品质, 增量效应, 农耕新方法

Abstract: 【Objective】The feasibility of the new farming method of Fenlong cultivation for rice, and its effects on yield and quality of rice were studied.【Method】YLiangyou1 and Shanxiaozhan were used as materials in the test, the traditional ploughing with rake was used as CK, and smash-ridging cultivated early rice and no-tillage of late rice were carried out to investigate the related characters, yield and quality of rice. The yield of the third time planted rice after Fenlong and soil compactness were investigated.【Result】Compared with the traditional cultivation, Fenlong planted early rice increased the plough layer by 7 cm, most indicators of soil available nutrients increased by more than 10%, total number of root and white roots increased by 14.83%-25.36% and 20.18%-97.78%, respectively, the plant biological yield increased by 29.96%-31.89%, seed setting rate increased by 7.62%, yield increased by 23.87%, the whole head rice rate and protein increased by 15.95% and 14.61%, respectively; In no-tillage and seedling-throwing late rice, compared with CK, Fenlong total number of root and white roots increased by 6.02%-22.75% and 48.03%-65.91%, and yield increased by 9.25%, the whole head rice rate and protein increased by 7.43% and 5.61%. The early and late rice total yield increased by 16.48%, income increased by 6 706.5 Yuan/hm2. Compared with the CK, the third time planted rice after Fenlong farming, soil compactness reduced by 68.00%-333.33%, and yield increased by 7.97%. 【Conclusion】Fenlong cultivation of early rice and no-tillage late rice are feasible and it can increase rice production, improve rice quality, and increase net income. Fenlong still can increase the yield of the third time planted rice, the rice paddy field possess the sustainable yield increasing ability after Fenlong farming.

Key words: Fenlong, rice, yield, quality, effects of incremental, new method of farming

韦本辉, 刘斌, 甘秀芹, 申章佑, 胡泊, 李艳英, 吴延勇, 陆柳英. 粉垄栽培对水稻产量和品质的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2012, 45(19): 3946-3954.

WEI Ben-Hui, LIU Bin, GAN Xiu-Qin, SHEN Zhang-You, HU Bo, LI Yan-Ying, WU Yan-Yong, LU Liu-Ying. Effect of Fenlong Cultivation on Yield and Quality of Rice[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2012, 45(19): 3946-3954.

0
/ / 推荐

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks

链接本文: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2012.19.005

https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2012/V45/I19/3946

参考文献

[1]李杰, 张洪程, 钱银飞, 陈烨, 郭振华, 戴其根, 霍中洋, 许轲, 李德剑, 刘国林, 赵德亮. 水稻超高产栽培研究进展. 杂交水稻, 2008, 23(5):1-6.

Li J, Zhang H C, Qian Y F, Chen Y, Guo Z H, Dai Q G, Huo Z Y, Xu K, Li D J, Liu G L, Zhao D L. Research progress in super high yielding cultivation of rice. Hybrid Rice, 2008, 23(5):1-6. (in Chinese)

[2]Peng S B, Tang Q Y, Zou Y B. Current status and challenges of rice production in China. Plant Production Science, 2009, 12: 3-8.

[3]温家宝. 中国农业和农村发展道路. 求是, 2012(2): 3-10.

Wen J B. Agriculture and rural development path in China. Qiushi, 2012(2): 3-10. (in Chinese)

[4]蒋彭炎. 水稻高产栽培理论与技术讲座(1): 粮食问题与稻米生产. 中国稻米, 1994 (1): 41-43.

Jiang P Y. Lectures about theory and technology of high yielding rice cultivation(1): food problems and rice production. China Rice, 1994 (1): 41-43. (in Chinese)

[5]Li Y L, Fan Y R, Shen Q R. The relationship between rhizosphere nitrification and nitrogen-use efficiency in rice plants. Plant Cell and Environment, 2008, 31: 73-85.

[6]Lea P J, Azevedo R A. Nitrogen use efficiency.1.Uptake of nitrogen from the soil. Annals of Applied Biology, 2006, 149: 243-247.

[7]Tuong T P, Bouman B A M, Mortimer M. More rice, less water-integrated approaches for increasing water productivity in irrigated rice-based systems in Asia. Plant Production Science, 2005, 8: 231-241.

[8]杨建昌. 水稻根系形态生理与产量、品质形成及养分吸收利用的关系. 中国农业科学, 2011, 44(1): 36-46.

Yang J C. Relationships of rice root morphology and physiology with the formation of grain yield and quality and the nutrient absorption and utilization. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2011, 44(1): 36-46. (in Chinese)

[9]董桂春, 王余龙. 吴华, 周小冬, 王坚刚, 蔡惠荣, 蔡建中. 水稻根系生长动态的研究. 扬州大学学报:农业与生命科学版, 2002, 23(4): 51-55.

Dong G C, Wang Y L, Wu H, Zhou X D, Wang J G, Cai H R, Cai J Z. Study on dynamic characteristics of root growth in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Journal of Yangzhou University, 2002, 23(4): 51-55. (in Chinese)

[10]杨建昌, 杜永, 吴长付, 刘立军, 王志琴, 朱庆森. 超高产粳型水稻生长发育特性的研究. 中国农业科学, 2006, 39(7): 1336-1345.

Yang J C, Du Y, Wu C F, Liu L J, Wang Z Q, Zhu Q S. Growth and development characteristics of super-high-yielding mid-season japonica rice. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2006, 39(7): 1336-1345. (in Chinese)

[11]杨惠杰, 杨仁崔, 李义珍, 郑景生, 姜照伟. 水稻超高产的决定因素. 福建农业学报, 2002, 17(4):199-203.

Yang H J, Yang R C, Li Y Z, Zheng J S, Jiang Z W. Determination factor for super-high yield of rice. Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2002, 17(4):199-203. (in Chinese)

[12]侯红乾, 刘秀梅, 刘光荣, 李祖章, 刘益仁, 黄永兰, 冀建华, 邵彩虹, 王福全. 有机无机肥配施比例对红壤稻田水稻产量和土壤肥力的影响. 中国农业科学, 2011, 44(3): 516-523.

Hou H Q, Liu X M, Liu G R, Li Z Z, Liu Y R, Huang Y L, Ji J H, Shao C H, Wang F Q. Effect of long-term located organic-inorganic fertilizer application on rice yield and soil fertility in red soil area of China. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2011, 44(3): 516-523. (in Chinese)

[13]李杰, 张洪程, 董洋阳, 倪晓诚, 杨波, 龚金龙, 常勇, 戴其根, 霍中洋, 许轲, 魏海燕. 不同生态区栽培方式对水稻产量、生育期及温光利用的影响. 中国农业科学, 2011, 44(13): 2661-2672.

Li J, Zhang H C, Dong Y Y, Ni X C, Yang B, Gong J L, Chang Y, Dai Q Y, Huo Z X, Xu K, Wei H Y. Effects of cultivation methods on yield, growth stage and utilization of temperature and illumination of rice in different ecological regions. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2011, 44(13): 2661-2672. (in Chinese)

[14]刘军, 黄庆, 付华, 陆秀明, 刘怀珍, 李康活. 水稻免耕抛秧高产稳产的生理基础研究. 中国农业科学, 2002, 35(2): 152-156.

Liu J, Huang Q, Fu H, Lu X M, Liu H Z, Li K H. Physiological mechanism of high and stable yield of no-tillage cast-transplanted rice. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2002, 35(2): 152-156. (in Chinese)

[15]Jiang X J, Xie D T. Combining ridge with no-tillage in lowland rice-based cropping system: Long-term effect on soil and rice yield. Pedosphere, 2009, 19(4): 515-522.

[16]Wang D, Li H X, Qin J T, Li D M, Hu F. Growth characteristics and yield of late-Season rice under no-tillage and non-flooded cultivation with straw mulching. Rice Science, 2010, 17(2): 141-148.

[17]韦本辉, 甘秀芹, 申章佑, 宁秀呈, 陆柳英, 韦广泼, 李艳英, 胡泊, 刘斌, 吴延勇. 粉垄栽培甘蔗试验增产效果. 中国农业科学, 2011, 44(21): 4544-4550.

Wei B H, Gan X Q, Shen Z Y, Ning X C, Lu L Y, Wei G P, Li Y Y, Hu P, Liu B, Wu Y Y. Yield increase of smash-ridging cultivation of sugarcane. Scientia Agricultura Sinicia, 2011, 44(21): 4544-4550. (in Chinese)

[18]韦本辉, 甘秀芹, 申章佑, 宁秀呈, 韦广泼, 陆柳英, 胡泊, 刘斌, 李艳英, 吴延勇. 粉垄栽培木薯增产效果及理论探讨. 中国农学通报, 2011, 27(21): 78-81.

Wei B H, Gan X Q, Shen Z Y, Ning X C, Wei G P, Lu L Y, Hu P, Liu B, Li Y Y, Wu Y Y. Production increasing and discussion in theory of Smash-ridging cultivate cassava. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2011, 27(21): 78-81. (in Chinese)

[19]刘贵文, 黄樟华, 韦本辉, 莫振茂, 容林熙. 粉垄技术对木薯生长发育和产量的影响. 南方农业学报, 2011, 42(8): 975-978.

Liu G W, Huang Z H, Wei B H, Mo Z M, Rong L X. Effects of ridge cultivation technique on the growth and yield of cassava. Journal of Southern Agriculture, 2011, 42(8): 975-978. (in Chinese)

[20]韦本辉, 甘秀芹, 陈保善, 申章佑, 俞建, 宁秀呈, 陆柳英, 韦广泼, 胡泊, 莫润秀, 李艳英, 吴延勇. 粉垄整地与传统整地方式种植玉米和花生效果比较. 安徽农业科学, 2011, 39(6): 3216-3219.

Wei B H, Gan X Q, Chen B S, Shen Z Y, Yu J, Ning X C, Lu L Y, Wei G P, Hu P, Mo R X, Li Y Y, Wu Y Y. Comparison of cultivation of maize and peanuts by smash-riding and traditional land preparation methods. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 2011, 39(6): 3216-3219. (in Chinese)

[21]甘秀芹, 韦本辉, 申章佑, 陆柳英, 胡泊, 吴延勇, 李艳英, 莫润秀. 桑树粉垄栽培的根系、植株及产量性状表现. 浙江农业科学, 2011(3): 705-707.

Gan X Q, Wei B H, Shen Z Y, Lu L Y, Hu P, Wu Y Y, Li Y Y, Mo R X. Characteristics performance about roots, plants and yield of mulberry under smash-ridging. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2011(3): 705-707. (in Chinese)

[22]韦本辉. 旱地作物粉垄栽培技术研究. 中国农业科学, 2010, 43(20): 4330.

Wei B H. Research on smash-ridging cultivation techniques of dryland crops. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2010, 43(20): 4330. (in Chinese)

[23]韦本辉, 甘秀芹, 陈耀福, 申章佑, 罗学夫, 陆柳英, 胡泊, 李艳英, 吴延勇, 刘斌, 韦广泼, 宁秀呈. 稻田粉垄冬种马铃薯试验. 中国马铃薯, 2011, 25(6): 342-344.

Wei B H, Gan X Q, Chen Y F, Shen Z Y, Luo X F, Lu L Y, Hu P, Li Y Y, Wu Y Y, Liu B, Wei G P, Ning X C. Planting winter potato in rice field by Smash-ridging technique. Chinese Potato Journal, 2011, 25(6): 342-344. (in Chinese)

[24]贺根生. 甘肃: 马铃薯粉垄栽培比照双垄沟增产35%. 科学时报, 2011-10-17: B2.

He G S. Gansu: Smash-ridging cultivated potato increases 35% according to the double ditch (CK). Science Times, 2011-10-17: B2. (in Chinese)

[25]韦本辉, 甘秀芹, 陆柳英, 申章佑, 宁秀呈, 胡泊, 韦广泼, 李艳英, 吴延勇. 水稻粉垄旱种苗期根系性状研究. 广东农业科学, 2011, 38(7): 28-29.

Wei B H, Gan X Q, Lu L Y, Shen Z Y, Ning X C, Hu P, Wei G P, Li Y Y, Wu Y Y. Study on rice root characteristics in seeding stage of dry planting by Smash-ridging. Guangdong Agricultural Sciences, 2011, 38(7): 28-29. (in Chinese)

[26]韦本辉. 粉垄栽培增产效果及其引发的栽培学新理论探讨. 广西农学报, 2011, 26(2): 25-28.

Wei B H. Smash-ridging cultivation's yield increase effect and its new theory discussion arose in cultivation. Journal of Guangxi Agriculture, 2011, 26(2): 25-28. (in Chinese)

[27]全国农业技术推广服务中心. 土壤分析技术规范(2版). 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2006.

National Agro-technical Popularization Service Center. Technology Norms of Soil Analysis (The 2nd ed.). Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2006. (in Chinese)

[28]韦本辉, 甘秀芹, 陈保善, 韦广泼, 申章佑, 宁秀呈, 陆柳英, 何彰杰, 胡泊, 李艳英, 莫润秀, 吴延勇. 农耕新方法粉垄整地土壤速效养分研究. 广东农业科学, 2011, 38(17): 42-45.

Wei B H, Gan X Q, Chen B S, Wei G P, Shen Z Y, Ning X C, Lu L Y, He Z J, Hu P, Li Y Y, Mo R X, Wu Y Y. Study on available nutrients of soil by a new method of farming which land preparation by smash-ridging. Guangdong Agricultural Sciences, 2011, 38(17): 42-45. (in Chinese)

[29]Fitter A. Characteristics and functions of root systems// Waisel Y, Eshel A, Kafkafi U. Plant Roots, the Hidden Half. New York: Marcel Dekker Inc., 2002: 15-32.

[30]刘学, 欧阳由男, 王会民, 朱练峰, 禹盛苗, 金千瑜. 水稻根系生长发育特性及其与产量形成的关系. 中国稻米, 2009(4): 8-12.

Liu X, Ouyang Y N, Wang H M, Zhu L F, Yu S M, Yu Q J. Characteristic of rice root growth and the relationship with yield formation. China Rice, 2009(4): 8-12. (in Chinese)

[31]Yang J C, Zhang J H. Crop management techniques to enhance harvest index in rice. Journal of Experimental Botany, 2010, 61: 3177-3189.

[32]Yang J C, Zhang J H. Grain filling problem in “super”rice. Journal of Experimental Botany, 2010, 61: 1-5.

[33]王忠, 顾蕴洁, 陈刚, 熊飞, 李运祥. 稻米的品质和影响因素. 分子植物育种, 2003, 1(2): 231-241.

Wang Z, Gu Y J, Chen G, Xiong F, Li Y X. Rice quality and its affecting factors. Molecular Plant Breeding, 2003, 1(2): 231-241. (in Chinese)

[34]戴平安, 周坤炉, 黎用朝, 刘进明, 张玉烛, 马国辉, 易国英. 土壤条件对优质食用稻品质及产量的影响. 中国水稻科学, 1995, 12(增刊): 51-57.

Dai P A, Zhou K L, Li Y C, Liu J M, Zhang Y Z, Ma G H, Yi G Y. Effects of soil conditions on quality and yield of high-quality edible rice. Chinese Journal of Rice Science, 1995, 12(Suppl.): 51-57. (in Chinese)

[35]金可元. 栽培生态因素对食用优质稻稻谷产量及稻米品质的影响研究[D]. 长沙: 湖南农业大学, 2003.

Jin K Y. The study on the influence of the cultivated ecological factors on rice yield and rice quality[D]. Changsha: Hunan Agriculture University, 2003. (in Chinese)

[36]韦本辉. 粉垄应孕育成为国家战略工程技术//王衎. 科技中国, 2011, 11: 80.

Wei B H: The smash-ridging should breed into the national strategy engineering technology//Wang K. Science and Technology in China, 2011, 11: 80. (in Chinese)

[37]张绪勇. “增量效应”粉垄和“亦粮亦菜”淮山药的研发梦. 科学中国人, 2012(1): 78-79.

Zhang X Y. Dream of “Incremental effect” with Smash-ridging and “food and vegetable” yam research. Scientific Chinese, 2012(1): 78-79. (in Chinese)

[38]Cassman K G. Ecological intensification of cereal production systems: Yield potential, soil quality, and precision agriculture. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1999, 96: 5952-5959.

[39]Cassman K G, Dobermann A, Walters D T. Meeting cereal demand while protecting natural resources and improving environmental quality. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 2003, 28: 315-358.