安徽省主要作物秸秆养分资源量及还田利用潜力

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.01.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】安徽省为我国粮食主产省份之一,估算安徽省主要作物秸秆养分资源量及还田利用潜力,可为全省秸秆养分资源合理利用和秸秆还田下化肥减施提供科学参考。【方法】基于相关统计数据和文献资料,对安徽省各市水稻、小麦、玉米和油菜4种作物秸秆产量、秸秆氮磷钾养分资源量及其在还田条件下的化肥替代潜力进行评估。【结果】2016—2018年安徽省水稻、小麦、玉米和油菜秸秆年均产量分别为1 758万t、2 251万t、712万t和275万t,秸秆资源主要分布在淮北和江淮区域,分别占全省4种作物秸秆总量的47.0%和33.6%。全省4种作物秸秆氮（N）、磷（P₂O₅）和钾（K₂O）养分年均产量分别为40万t、13万t和85万t,水稻、小麦、玉米和油菜秸秆养分资源量分别占4种作物秸秆养分资源总量的44.6%、34.4%、13.9%和7.1%。在全省作物主要种植地区,单位播种面积水稻秸秆还田的化肥替代潜力为N 29.5—35.0 kg·hm^-2、P₂O₅ 13.6—16.2 kg·hm^-2和K₂O 132.9—157.5 kg·hm^-2;小麦秸秆还田的化肥替代潜力为N 24.1—33.5 kg·hm^-2、P₂O₅ 8.4—11.7 kg·hm^-2和K₂O 83.5—115.8 kg·hm^-2;玉米秸秆还田的化肥替代潜力为N 24.7—32.7 kg·hm^-2、P₂O₅ 12.5—16.5 kg·hm^-2和K₂O 59.7—79.0 kg·hm^-2;油菜秸秆还田的化肥替代潜力为N 24.1—34.0 kg·hm^-2、P₂O₅ 11.2—15.8 kg·hm^-2和K₂O 101.3—142.7 kg·hm^-2。【结论】安徽省主要作物秸秆还田可基本满足下季作物的钾素需求,同时可部分替代氮肥和磷肥的施用,各区域应因地制宜,充分利用秸秆养分资源,实现农田化肥减施。

关键词: 安徽省, 作物秸秆, 养分资源量, 秸秆还田, 化肥替代

Abstract:

【Objective】 Anhui is a national major grain production province. Clearance of the nutrient resource quantity of main crop straw and utilization potential under straw returning in Anhui province could provide reference data for reasonable utilization of straw nutrient resources and synthetic fertilizers reduction. 【Method】 Based on statistical data and literature review, the capacity of main crop straw, the nutrient resource quantity of straw and potential for straw incorporation to substitute nutrient inputs were estimated for different cities and regions of Anhui province in this research. 【Result】 The amounts of crop straw from rice, wheat, maize and rapeseed were 17.58, 22.51, 7.12 and 2.75 million tons per year in Anhui province during the period of 2016-2018, respectively. The crop straws were mainly produced in North area of Huai River, and Area between Yangtze River and Huai River, accounting for 47.0% and 33.6% of the total provincial crop straw yields, respectively. The main crop straws contained 0.40 million tons of N, 0.13 million tons of P₂O₅ and 0.85 million tons of K₂O, respectively. The straw nutrient resources from rice, wheat, maize and rapeseed accounted for 44.6%, 34.4%, 13.9% and 7.1% of the total provincial main crop straw nutrient resources, respectively. In the main crop-cultivating areas of Anhui province, the amounts of synthetic fertilizers substituted by rice straw incorporation per unit area of arable land were N 29.5-35.0 kg·hm^-2, P₂O₅ 13.6-16.2 kg·hm^-2 and K₂O 132.9-157.5 kg·hm^-2. The amounts of synthetic fertilizers substituted by wheat straw incorporation were N 24.1-33.5 kg·hm^-2, P₂O₅ 8.4-11.7 kg·hm^-2 and K₂O 83.5-115.8 kg·hm^-2. For maize, straw incorporation could substitute N 24.7-32.7 kg·hm^-2, P₂O₅ 12.5-16.5 kg·hm^-2 and K₂O 59.7-79.0 kg·hm^-2. In the main rapeseed-planting areas, rapeseed straw incorporation could substitute N 24.1-34.0 kg·hm^-2, P₂O₅ 11.2-15.8 kg·hm^-2 and K₂O 101.3-142.7 kg·hm^-2. 【Conclusion】 Using crop straws properly could satisfy the basic potassium requirement for crop production and partly substitute the inputs of synthetic nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers. Making full use of nutrient resources from main crop straws may provide an effective solution for synthetic fertilizers reduction under straw returning in Anhui province.

Key words: Anhui province, crop straw, nutrient resource quantity, straw incorporation, synthetic fertilizers substitution

柴如山,徐悦,程启鹏,王擎运,马超,叶新新,章力干,郜红建. 安徽省主要作物秸秆养分资源量及还田利用潜力[J]. 中国农业科学, 2021, 54(1): 95-109.

CHAI RuShan,XU Yue,CHENG QiPeng,WANG QingYun,MA Chao,YE XinXin,ZHANG LiGan,GAO HongJian. Nutrient Resource Quantity of Main Crop Straw and Utilization Potential Under Straw Returning in Anhui Province[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(1): 95-109.

0
/ / 推荐

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks

链接本文: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.01.008

https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2021/V54/I1/95

图/表 7

表1

图1

图2

图3

表2

表3

表4

参考文献 62

[1]	田康, 赵永存, 邢喆, 孙维侠, 黄标, 胡文友. 中国保护性耕作农田土壤有机碳变化速率研究—基于长期试验点的Meta分析. 土壤学报, 2013,50(3):433-440.
	TIAN K, ZHAO Y C, XING Z, SUN W X, HUANG B, HU W Y. A meta-analysis of long-term experiment data for characterizing the topsoil organic carbon changes under different conservation tillage in cropland of China. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2013,50(3):433-440. (in Chinese)
[2]	LIU C, LU M, CUI J, LI B, FANG C M. Effects of straw carbon input on carbon dynamics in agricultural soils: A meta-analysis. Global Change Biology, 2014,20(5):1366-1381. doi: 10.1111/gcb.12517
[3]	房焕, 李奕, 周虎, 颜晓元, 彭新华. 稻麦轮作区秸秆还田对水稻土结构的影响. 农业机械学报, 2018,49(4):297-302.
	FANG H, LI Y, ZHOU H, YAN X Y, PENG X H. Effects of straw incorporation on paddy soil structure in rice-wheat rotation system. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery, 2018,49(4):297-302. (in Chinese)
[4]	杨静, 聂三安, 杨文浩, 陈成榕, 张黎明, 周碧青, 邢世和. 不同施肥水稻土可溶性有机氮组分差异及影响因素. 土壤学报, 2018,55(4):955-966.
	YANG J, NIE S A, YANG W H, CHEN C R, ZHANG L M, ZHOU B Q, XING S H. Effects of various influencing factors of soil soluble organic nitrogen components under different long-term fertilization treatments in paddy soil. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2018,55(4):955-966. (in Chinese)
[5]	林诚, 王飞, 李清华, 何春梅, 张辉. 长期不同施肥下南方黄泥田有效磷对磷盈亏的响应特征. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2017,23(5):1175-1183.
	LIN C, WANG F, LI Q H, HE C M, ZHANG H. Response characteristics of Olsen-P to P balance in yellow paddy fields of southern China. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2017,23(5):1175-1183. (in Chinese)
[6]	盛婧, 刘红江, 孙国峰, 张丽萍, 郑建初. 不同钾吸收类型小麦品种(系)秸秆还田对农田钾素平衡的影响. 麦类作物学报, 2016,36(12):1643-1650.
	SHENG J, LIU H J, SUN G F, ZHANG L P, ZHENG J C. Effect of straw return on potassium balance for wheat varieties (lines) with different types of potassium absorption. Journal of Triticeae Crops, 2016,36(12):1643-1650. (in Chinese)
[7]	HUANG S, ZENG Y J, WU J F, SHI Q H, PAN X H. Effect of crop residue retention on rice yield in China: A meta-analysis. Field Crops Research, 2013,154:188-194.
[8]	HAN X, XU C, DUNGAIT J A J, BOL R, WANG X J, WU W L, MENG F Q. Straw incorporation increases crop yield and soil organic carbon sequestration but varies under different natural conditions and farming practices in China: A system analysis. Biogeosciences, 2018,15(7):1933-1946. doi: 10.5194/bg-15-1933-2018
[9]	王保君, 程旺大, 陈贵, 沈亚强, 张红梅. 秸秆还田配合氮肥减量对稻田土壤养分、碳库及水稻产量的影响. 浙江农业学报, 2019,31(4):624-630.
	WANG B J, CHENG W D, CHEN G, SHEN Y Q, ZHANG H M. Effect of straw returning and nitrogen reduction on soil nutrition, carbon pool and rice yield in rice field. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2019,31(4):624-630. (in Chinese)
[10]	王秋菊, 刘峰, 迟凤琴, 焦峰, 张春峰, 姜辉, 李鹏绯, 朱宝国. 秸秆还田及氮肥调控对不同肥力白浆土氮素及水稻产量影响. 农业工程学报, 2019,35(14):105-111.
	WANG Q J, LIU F, CHI F Q, JIAO F, ZHANG C F, JIANG H, LI P F, ZHU B G. Effect of straw returning and nitrogen fertilizer regulation on nitrogen and rice yield in albic soil with different fertilities. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2019,35(14):105-111. (in Chinese)
[11]	徐云连, 马友华, 吴蔚君, 邢素林, 马凡凡, 甘曼琴. 长期减量化施肥对水稻产量和土壤肥力的影响. 水土保持学报, 2018,32(6):254-258.
	XU Y L, MA Y H, WU W J, XING S L, MA F F, GAN M Q. Effects of long-term reducing fertilization on yield and soil fertility of rice. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2018,32(6):254-258. (in Chinese)
[12]	韩晓飞, 谢德体, 高明, 王子芳, 陈晨, 祁乐. 紫色土减磷配施有机肥的磷肥效应与磷素动态变化. 水土保持学报, 2016,30(6):207-213.
	HAN X F, XIE D T, GAO M, WANG Z F, CHEN C, QI L. Effect of reduced phosphorus fertilizer combining organic fertilizers and phosphorus dynamics changes in purple soil. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2016,30(6):207-213. (in Chinese)
[13]	曾研华, 范呈根, 吴建富, 曾勇军, 周春火, 谭雪明, 潘晓华, 石庆华. 等养分条件下稻草还田替代双季早稻氮钾肥比例的研究. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2017,23(3):658-668.
	ZENG Y H, FAN C G, WU J F, ZENG Y J, ZHOU C H, TAN X M, PAN X H, SHI Q H. Replacement ratio of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer by straw incorporation in early rice under the same nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium input. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2017,23(3):658-668. (in Chinese)
[14]	曾研华, 吴建富, 曾勇军, 范呈根, 谭雪明, 潘晓华, 石庆华. 机收稻草全量还田减施化肥对双季晚稻养分吸收利用及产量的影响. 作物学报, 2018,44(3):454-462. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2018.00454
	ZENG Y H, WU J F, ZENG Y J, FAN C G, TAN X M, PAN X H, SHI Q H. Effects of straw incorporation with reducing chemical fertilizers on nutrient absorption and utilization and grain yield of double-cropping late rice under mechanical harvest. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2018,44(3):454-462. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2018.00454
[15]	张磊, 张维乐, 鲁剑巍, 戴志刚, 易妍睿, 丛日环. 秸秆还田条件下不同供钾能力土壤水稻、油菜、小麦钾肥减量研究. 中国农业科学, 2017,50(19):3745-3756. doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.19.011
	ZHANG L, ZHANG W L, LU J W, DAI Z G, YI Y R, CONG R H. Study of optimum potassium reducing rate of rice, wheat and oilseed rape under different soil K supply levels with straw incorporation. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2017,50(19):3745-3756. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.19.011
[16]	中华人民共和国国家统计局. 中国统计年鉴2019. 北京: 中国统计出版社, 2019.
	National Bureau of Statistics of China. China Statistical Yearbook 2019. Beijing: China Statistic Press, 2019. (in Chinese)
[17]	刘晓永, 李书田. 中国秸秆养分资源及还田的时空分布特征. 农业工程学报, 2017,33(21):1-19.
	LIU X Y, LI S T. Temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of crop straw nutrient resources and returning to farmland in China. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2017,33(21):1-19. (in Chinese)
[18]	宋大利, 侯胜鹏, 王秀斌, 梁国庆, 周卫. 中国秸秆养分资源数量及替代化肥潜力. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2018,24(1):1-21.
	SONG D L, HOU S P, WANG X B, LIANG G Q, ZHOU W. Nutrient resource quantity of crop straw and its potential of substituting. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2018,24(1):1-21. (in Chinese)
[19]	耿维, 袁嫚嫚, 邬刚, 王家宝, 孙义祥. 安徽省作物养分供需分析及化肥减施潜力研究. 中国生态农业学报, 2020,28(2):221-235.
	GENG W, YUAN M M, WU G, WANG J B, SUN Y X. Study on the input and demand of crop nutrients and the potential of fertilizer reduction in Anhui Province. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2020,28(2):221-235. (in Chinese)
[20]	安徽省统计局. 安徽统计年鉴2017-2019. 北京: 中国统计出版社, 2017-2019.
	Anhui Statistical Bureau. Anhui Statistical Yearbook 2017-2019. Beijing: China Statistic Press, 2017-2019. (in Chinese)
[21]	LI H, CAO Y, WANG X M, GE X, LI B Q, JIN C Q. Evaluation on the production of food crop straw in China from 2006 to 2014. Bioenergy Research, 2017,10(3):949-957.
[22]	YIN H J, ZHAO W Q, LI T, CHENG X Y, LIU Q. Balancing straw returning and chemical fertilizers in China: Role of straw nutrient resources. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2018,81:2695-2702.
[23]	全国农业技术推广服务中心. 中国有机肥料养分志. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 1999.
	National Agricultural Technology Extension and Service Centre. Records of Nutrients in Organic Fertilizer in China. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 1999. (in Chinese)
[24]	王轶虹, 王美艳, 史学正, 陈龙, 赵永存, 于东升. 2010年中国农作物净初级生产力及其空间分布格局. 生态学报, 2016,36(19):6318-6327. doi: 10.5846/stxb201411252346
	WANG Y H, WANG M Y, SHI X Z, CHEN L, ZHAO Y C, YU D S. Spatial patterns of net primary productivity of crops in China. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2016,36(19):6318-6327. (in Chinese) doi: 10.5846/stxb201411252346
[25]	顾克军, 张斯梅, 许博, 张恒敢, 杨四军. 江苏省水稻秸秆资源量及其可收集量估算. 生态与农村环境学报, 2012,28(1):32-36.
	GU K J, ZHANG S M, XU B, ZHANG H G, YANG S J. Estimation of total yield and collectable amount of rice straw in Jiangsu Province. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2012,28(1):32-36. (in Chinese)
[26]	王青, 赵莉, 何贤芳, 朱昭进, 汪建来, 姚大年. 安徽沿淮和淮北地区小麦穗粒重研究. 麦类作物学报, 2012,32(2):320-325. doi: 10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2012.02.024
	WANG Q, ZHAO L, HE X F, ZHU Z J, WANG J L, YAO D N. Study on wheat grain weight per spike in the area of Huaibei Region of Anhui Province. Journal of Triticeae Crops, 2012,32(2):320-325. (in Chinese) doi: 10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2012.02.024
[27]	王寅, 鲁剑巍, 李小坤, 任涛, 丛日环, 占丽平. 长江流域直播冬油菜氮磷钾硼肥施用效果. 作物学报, 2013,39(8):1491-1500. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2013.01491
	WANG Y, LU J W, LI X K, REN T, CONG R H, ZHAN L P. Effects of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and boron fertilizers on winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) direct-sown in the Yangtze River Basin. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2013,39(8):1491-1500. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2013.01491
[28]	高利伟, 马林, 张卫峰, 王方浩, 马文奇, 张福锁. 中国作物秸秆养分资源数量估算及其利用状况. 农业工程学报, 2009,25(7):173-179.
	GAO L W, MA L, ZHANG W F, WANG F H, MA W Q, ZHANG F S. Estimation of nutrient resource quantity of crop straw and its utilization situation in China. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2009,25(7):173-179. (in Chinese)
[29]	刘晓燕, 金继运, 任天志, 何萍. 中国有机肥料养分资源潜力和环境风险分析. 应用生态学报, 2010,21(8):2092-2098.
	LIU X Y, JIN J Y, REN T Z, HE P. Potential of organic manures nutrient resources and their environmental risk in China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2010,21(8):2092-2098. (in Chinese)
[30]	车升国, 袁亮, 李燕婷, 林治安, 沈兵, 胡树文, 赵秉强. 我国主要麦区小麦氮素吸收及其产量效应. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2016,22(2):287-295.
	CHE S G, YUAN L, LI Y T, LIN Z A, SHEN B, HU S W, ZHAO B Q. N uptake and yield response of wheat in main wheat production regions of China. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2016,22(2):287-295. (in Chinese)
[31]	车升国, 袁亮, 李燕婷, 林治安, 李燕青, 赵秉强, 沈兵. 我国主要麦区小麦产量形成对磷素的需求. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2016,22(4):869-876.
	CHE S G, YUAN L, LI Y T, LIN Z A, LI Y Q, ZHAO B Q, SHEN B. Phosphorous requirement for yield formation of wheat in main wheat production regions of China. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2016,22(4):869-876. (in Chinese)
[32]	串丽敏, 何萍, 赵同科, 徐新朋, 周卫, 郑怀国. 中国小麦季氮素养分循环与平衡特征. 应用生态学报, 2015,26(1):76-86.
	CHUAN L M, HE P, ZHAO T K, XU X P, ZHOU W, ZHENG H G. Nitrogen cycling and balance for wheat in China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2015,26(1):76-86. (in Chinese)
[33]	杨晨璐, 刘兰清, 王维钰, 任广鑫, 冯永忠, 杨改河. 麦玉复种体系下秸秆还田与施氮对作物水氮利用及产量的效应研究. 中国农业科学, 2018,51(9):1664-1680. doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.09.005
	YANG C L, LIU L Q, WANG W Y, REN G X, FENG Y Z, YANG G H. Effects of the application of straw returning and nitrogen fertilizer on crop yields, water and nitrogen utilization under wheat-maize multiple cropping system. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018,51(9):1664-1680. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.09.005
[34]	高洪军, 朱平, 彭畅, 张秀芝, 李强, 张卫建. 等氮条件下长期有机无机配施对春玉米的氮素吸收利用和土壤无机氮的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2015,21(2):318-325. doi: 10.11674/zwyf.2015.0205
	GAO H J, ZHU P, PENG C, ZHANG X Z, LI Q, ZHANG W J. Effects of partially replacement of inorganic N with organic materials on nitrogen efficiency of spring maize and soil inorganic nitrogen content under the same N input. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2015,21(2):318-325. (in Chinese) doi: 10.11674/zwyf.2015.0205
[35]	戴志刚, 鲁剑巍, 李小坤, 鲁明星, 杨文兵, 高祥照. 不同作物还田秸秆的养分释放特征试验. 农业工程学报, 2010,26(6):272-276.
	DAI Z G, LU J W, LI X K, LU M X, YANG W B, GAO X Z. Nutrient release characteristic of different crop straws manure. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2010,26(6):272-276. (in Chinese)
[36]	GAO H J, CHEN X, WEI J L, ZHANG Y J, ZHANG L G, CHANG J, THOMPSON M L. Decomposition dynamics and changes in chemical composition of wheat straw residue under anaerobic and aerobic conditions. PLoS ONE, 2016,11(7):e0158172. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158172 pmid: 27380023
[37]	代文才, 高明, 兰木羚, 黄容, 王金柱, 王子芳, 韩晓飞. 不同作物秸秆在旱地和水田中的腐解特性及养分释放规律. 中国生态农业学报, 2017,25(2):188-199.
	DAI W C, GAO M, LAN M L, HUANG R, WANG J Z, WANG Z F, HAN X F. Nutrient release patterns and decomposition characteristics of different crop straws in drylands and paddy fields. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2017,25(2):188-199. (in Chinese)
[38]	曾研华, 吴建富, 潘晓华, 石庆华, 朱德峰. 稻草原位还田对双季稻田土壤理化与生物学性状的影响. 水土保持学报, 2013,27(3):150-155.
	ZENG Y H, WU J F, PAN X H, SHI Q H, ZHU D F. Effects of rice straw incorporation on soil physical, chemical and biological properties in double cropping paddy fields. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2013,27(3):150-155. (in Chinese)
[39]	CHEN X, MAO A, ZHANG Y J, ZHANG L G, CHANG J, GAO H J, THOMPSON M L. Carbon and nitrogen forms in soil organic matter influenced by incorporated wheat and corn residues. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 2017,63(4):377-387. doi: 10.1080/00380768.2017.1359797
[40]	凌宁, 荀卫兵, 沈其荣. 根际沉积碳与秸秆碳共存下作物与微生物氮素竞争机制及其调控. 南京农业大学学报, 2018,41(4):589-597.
	LING N, XUN W B, SHEN Q R. Plant-microbial competition for nitrogen in rhizosphere under straw returning regime: mechanisms and manipulation. Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University, 2018,41(4):589-597. (in Chinese)
[41]	柴如山, 王擎运, 叶新新, 江波, 赵强, 王强, 章力干, 郜红建. 我国主要粮食作物秸秆还田替代化学氮肥潜力. 农业环境科学学报, 2019,38(11):2583-2593.
	CHAI R S, WANG Q Y, YE X X, JIANG B, ZHAO Q, WANG Q, ZHANG L G, GAO H J. Nitrogen resource quantity of main grain crop straw in China and the potential of synthetic nitrogen substitution under straw returning. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2019,38(11):2583-2593. (in Chinese)
[42]	李玮, 乔玉强, 陈欢, 曹承富, 杜世州, 赵竹. 玉米秸秆还田配施氮肥对冬小麦土壤氮素表观盈亏及产量的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2015,21(3):561-570. doi: 10.11674/zwyf.2015.0302
	LI W, QIAO Y Q, CHEN H, CAO C F, DU S Z, ZHAO Z. Effects of combined maize straw and N application on soil nitrogen surplus amount and yield of winter wheat. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2015,21(3):561-570. (in Chinese) doi: 10.11674/zwyf.2015.0302
[43]	张雅洁, 陈晨, 陈曦, 常江, 章力干, 郜红建. 小麦-水稻秸秆还田对土壤有机质组成及不同形态氮含量的影响. 农业环境科学学报, 2015,34(11):2155-2161.
	ZHANG Y J, CHEN C, CHEN X, CHANG J, ZHANG L G, GAO H J. Effects of wheat and rice straw returning on soil organic matter composition and content of different nitrogen forms in soil. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2015,34(11):2155-2161. (in Chinese)
[44]	张鑫, 周卫, 艾超, 黄绍敏, 梁国庆. 秸秆还田下氮肥运筹对夏玉米不同时期土壤酶活性及细菌群落结构的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2020,26(2):295-306.
	ZHANG X, ZHOU W, AI C, HUANG S M, LIANG G Q. Effects of nitrogen management on soil enzyme activities and bacterial community structure in summer maize growing stages under straw incorporation. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2020,26(2):295-306. (in Chinese)
[45]	李录久, 吴萍萍, 耿言安, 姚文麒, 王家嘉. 秸秆还田结合氮肥运筹管理对白土稻田土壤理化性状的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2016,22(5):1259-1266.
	LI L J, WU P P, GENG Y A, YAO W Q, WANG J J. Effect of wheat straw addition with nitrogen application on physical-chemical properties of white paddy soil. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2016,22(5):1259-1266. (in Chinese)
[46]	胡雅杰, 朱大伟, 邢志鹏, 龚金龙, 张洪程, 戴其根, 霍中洋, 许轲, 魏海燕, 郭保卫. 改进施氮运筹对水稻产量和氮素吸收利用的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2015,21(1):12-22. doi: 10.11674/zwyf.2015.0102
	HU Y J, ZHU D W, XING Z P, GONG J L, ZHANG H C, DAI Q G, HUO Z Y, XU K, WEI H Y, GUO B W. Modifying nitrogen fertilization ratio to increase the yield and nitrogen uptake of super japonica rice. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2015,21(1):12-22. (in Chinese) doi: 10.11674/zwyf.2015.0102
[47]	张维乐, 戴志刚, 任涛, 周先竹, 王忠良, 李小坤, 丛日环. 不同水旱轮作体系秸秆还田与氮肥运筹对作物产量及养分吸收利用的影响. 中国农业科学, 2016,49(7):1254-1266. doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2016.07.004
	ZHANG W L, DAI Z G, REN T, ZHOU X Z, WANG Z L, LI X K, CONG R H. Effects of nitrogen fertilization managements with residues incorporation on crops yield and nutrients uptake under different paddy-upland rotation systems. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2016,49(7):1254-1266. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2016.07.004
[48]	谭德水, 金继运, 黄绍文, 高伟. 长期施钾与秸秆还田对华北潮土和褐土区作物产量及土壤钾素的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2008,14(1):106-112. doi: 10.11674/zwyf.2008.0117
	TAN D S, JIN J Y, HUANG S W, GAO W. Effect of long-term application of potassium fertilizer and wheat straw to soil on yield of crops and soil potassium in fluvo-aquic soil and brown soil of northcentral China. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2008,14(1):106-112. (in Chinese) doi: 10.11674/zwyf.2008.0117
[49]	谭德水, 金继运, 黄绍文. 长期施钾与秸秆还田对西北地区不同种植制度下作物产量及土壤钾素的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2008,14(5):886-893. doi: 10.11674/zwyf.2008.0511
	TAN D S, JIN J Y, HUANG S W. Effect of long-term K fertilizer application and returning wheat straw to soil on crop yield and soil K under different planting systems in northwestern China. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2008,14(5):886-893. (in Chinese) doi: 10.11674/zwyf.2008.0511
[50]	柴如山, 安之冬, 马超, 王擎运, 章力干, 郜红建. 我国主要粮食作物秸秆钾养分资源量及还田替代钾肥潜力. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2020,26(2):201-211.
	CHAI R S, AN Z D, MA C, WANG Q Y, ZHANG L G, GAO H J. Potassium resource quantity of main grain crop straw and potential for straw incorporation to substitute potassium fertilizer in China. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2020,26(2):201-211. (in Chinese)
[51]	DAMON P M, BOWDEN B, ROSE T, RENGEL Z. Crop residue contributions to phosphorus pools in agricultural soils: A review. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2014,74:127-137. doi: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.03.003
[52]	QASWAR M, CHAI R S, AHMED W, HUANG J, HAN T F, LIU K L, YE X X, XU Y M, ANTHONIO C K, ZHANG H M. Partial substitution of chemical fertilizers with organic amendments increased rice yield by changing phosphorus fractions and improving phosphatase activities in fluvo-aquic soil. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2020,20:1285-1296. doi: 10.1007/s11368-019-02476-3
[53]	赵小军, 李志洪, 刘龙, 崔婷婷. 种还分离模式下玉米秸秆还田对土壤磷有效性及其有机磷形态的影响. 水土保持学报, 2017,31(1):243-247.
	ZHAO X J, LI Z H, LIU L, CUI T T. Effects of maize straw returning on soil phosphorus availibility and organic phosphorus forms under the mode of planting and returning. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2017,31(1):243-247. (in Chinese)
[54]	成臣, 汪建军, 程慧煌, 罗亢, 曾勇军, 石庆华, 商庆银. 秸秆还田与耕作方式对双季稻产量及土壤肥力质量的影响. 土壤学报, 2018,55(1):247-257.
	CHENG C, WANG J J, CHENG H H, LUO K, ZENG Y J, SHI Q H, SHANG Q Y. Effects of straw returning and tillage system on crop yield and soil fertility quality in paddy field under double- cropping-rice system. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2018,55(1):247-257. (in Chinese)
[55]	王昆昆, 廖世鹏, 任涛, 李小坤, 丛日环, 鲁剑巍. 连续秸秆还田对油菜水稻轮作土壤磷素有效性及作物磷素利用效率的影响. 中国农业科学, 2020,53(1):94-104. doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.01.009
	WANG K K, LIAO S P, REN T, LI X K, CONG R H, LU J W. Effect of continuous straw returning on soil phosphorus availability and crop phosphorus utilization efficiency of oilseed rape-rice rotation. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020,53(1):94-104. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.01.009
[56]	赵庆雷, 信彩云, 王瑜, 王佳, 刘奇华, 李景岭, 马加清. 稻麦轮作区连续秸秆还田和施肥条件下砂姜黑土无机磷分布特征. 草业学报, 2018,27(12):58-68.
	ZHAO Q L, XIN C Y, WANG Y, WANG J, LIU Q H, LI J L, MA J Q. Characteristics of inorganic phosphorus in lime concretion black soil under continuous straw-return and fertilization in a rice-wheat rotation area. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2018,27(12):58-68. (in Chinese)
[57]	黄欣欣, 廖文华, 刘建玲, 张伟, 曹彩云, 郭丽. 长期秸秆还田对潮土土壤各形态磷的影响. 土壤学报, 2016,53(3):779-789.
	HUANG X X, LIAO W H, LIU J L, ZHANG W, CAO C Y, GUO L. Effects of long-term straw return on various fractions of phosphorus in fluvo-aquic soil. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2016,53(3):779-789. (in Chinese)
[58]	郭斗斗, 黄绍敏, 张珂珂, 张水清, 宋晓, 王柏寒, 岳克. 有机无机外源磷素长期协同使用对潮土磷素有效性的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2018,24(6):1651-1659.
	GUO D D, HUANG S M, ZHANG K K, ZHANG S Q, SONG X, WANG B H, YUE K. Effects of long-term synergistic use of organic and inorganic exogenous P on phosphorus availability in fluvo-aquic soil. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2018,24(6):1651-1659. (in Chinese)
[59]	马想, 徐明岗, 赵惠丽, 段英华. 我国典型农田土壤中有机物料腐解特征及驱动因子. 中国农业科学, 2019,52(9):1564-1573. doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.09.008
	MA X, XU M G, ZHAO H L, DUAN Y H. Decomposition characteristics and driving factors of organic materials in typical farmland soils in China. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019,52(9):1564-1573. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.09.008
[60]	谢迎新, 靳海洋, 李梦达, 翟羽雪, 王永华, 谢耀丽, 李向东, 夏来坤, 王晨阳, 郭天财, 贺德先. 周年耕作方式对砂姜黑土农田土壤养分及作物产量的影响. 作物学报, 2016,42(10):1560-1568. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2016.01560
	XIE Y X, JIN H Y, LI M D, ZHAI Y X, WANG Y H, XIE Y L, LI X D, XIA L K, WANG C Y, GUO T C, HE D X. Effect of annual tillage practices on soil nutrient and crop yield in lime concretion black soil farmland. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2016,42(10):1560-1568. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2016.01560
[61]	YE X X, YE Y, CHAI R S, LI J L, MA C, LI H Y, XIONG Q Z, GAO H J. The influence of a year-round tillage and residue management model on soil N fractions in a wheat-maize cropping system in central China. Scientific Reports, 2019,9:4767. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-41409-5 pmid: 30886311
[62]	胡诚, 陈云峰, 乔艳, 刘东海, 张顺陶, 李双来. 秸秆还田配施腐熟剂对低产黄泥田的改良作用. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2016,2(1):59-66.
	HU C, CHEN Y F, QIAO Y, LIU D H, ZHANG S T, LI S L. Effect of returning straw added with straw-decomposing inoculants on soil melioration in low-yielding yellow clayey soil. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2016,2(1):59-66. (in Chinese)

作物 Crop	草谷比^[17] Straw/grain ratio	秸秆养分含量^[23] Nutrient content (g·kg^-1)			秸秆养分当季释放率^[17] In-season nutrient release rate (%)
作物 Crop	草谷比^[17] Straw/grain ratio	N	P	K	N	P	K
水稻Rice	1.08	9.1	1.3	18.9	47.19	66.69	84.91
小麦Wheat	1.39	6.5	0.8	10.5	50.11	62.01	89.05
玉米Maize	1.29	9.2	1.5	11.8	54.04	73.03	84.43
油菜Rapeseed	2.64	8.7	1.4	19.4	52.65	66.31	82.18

区域 Region	作物 Crop	秸秆养分量Straw nutrient quantity (×10³ t)
区域 Region	作物 Crop	N	P₂O₅	K₂O
淮北 North area of Huai River	水稻Rice	12.06±0.70	3.95±0.23	30.19±1.74
	小麦Wheat	102.47±2.72	28.88±0.77	199.48±5.30
	玉米Maize	57.67±5.83	21.54±2.18	89.15±9.01
	油菜Rapeseed	1.08±0.09	0.40±0.03	2.90±0.24
江淮 Area between Yangtze River and Huai River	水稻Rice	88.34±6.20	28.90±2.03	221.11±15.53
	小麦Wheat	36.41±0.66	10.26±0.18	70.88±1.28
	玉米Maize	4.84±1.06	1.81±0.39	7.48±1.63
	油菜Rapeseed	8.40±2.90	3.10±1.07	22.59±7.79
沿江 Edge area of Yangtze River	水稻Rice	41.54±0.79	13.59±0.26	103.98±1.97
	小麦Wheat	5.32±0.72	1.50±0.20	10.35±1.39
	玉米Maize	1.60±0.15	0.60±0.06	2.48±0.23
	油菜Rapeseed	10.31±0.59	3.80±0.22	27.72±1.57
江南 South area of Yangtze River	水稻Rice	18.04±0.26	5.90±0.09	45.16±0.66
	小麦Wheat	2.15±0.20	0.61±0.06	4.18±0.38
	玉米Maize	1.37±0.14	0.51±0.05	2.11±0.22
	油菜Rapeseed	4.09±0.42	1.51±0.15	11.00±1.13

区域 Region	市 City	水稻秸秆Rice straw			小麦秸秆Wheat straw			玉米秸秆Maize straw			油菜秸秆Rapeseed straw
区域 Region	市 City	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	N	P₂O₅	K₂O
淮北 North area of Huai River	阜阳市Fuyang	29.5	13.6	132.9	30.2	10.5	104.5	32.2	16.2	77.7	30.2	14.0	126.7
	亳州市Bozhou	28.3	13.1	127.6	33.5	11.7	115.8	32.7	16.5	79.0	34.7	16.1	145.5
	淮北市Huaibei	—	—	—	33.5	11.7	116.0	24.7	12.5	59.7	27.8	12.9	116.4
	宿州市Suzhou	33.7	15.6	151.9	28.5	9.9	98.6	27.5	13.9	66.3	24.7	11.4	103.5
	蚌埠市Bengbu	29.8	13.8	134.1	27.7	9.7	95.7	31.7	16.0	76.6	21.2	9.8	88.9
江淮 Area between Yangtze River and Huai River	六安市Luan	30.7	14.2	138.4	22.1	7.7	76.5	29.1	14.7	70.2	24.1	11.2	101.3
	淮南市Huainan	35.0	16.2	157.5	25.5	8.9	88.3	30.7	15.5	74.0	32.5	15.1	136.4
	合肥市Hefei	31.7	14.7	143.0	19.7	6.9	68.0	29.7	15.0	71.6	33.0	15.3	138.3
	滁州市Chuzhou	29.9	13.8	134.5	24.1	8.4	83.5	29.5	14.9	71.3	31.0	14.4	130.1
沿江 Edge area of Yangtze River	安庆市Anqing	30.0	13.9	135.0	14.3	5.0	49.6	28.6	14.4	69.1	26.7	12.4	112.2
	铜陵市Tongling	26.8	12.4	120.9	15.3	5.3	53.0	30.6	15.4	73.8	26.9	12.5	112.8
	芜湖市Wuhu	32.8	15.2	147.7	20.6	7.2	71.2	34.5	17.4	83.3	34.0	15.8	142.7
	马鞍山市Maanshan	34.1	15.8	153.4	22.2	7.8	76.9	36.2	18.3	87.5	32.1	14.9	134.5
江南 South area of Yangtze River	池州市Chizhou	28.3	13.1	127.3	14.3	5.0	49.5	31.7	16.0	76.5	28.2	13.1	118.3
	宣城市Xuancheng	29.5	13.6	132.9	20.7	7.2	71.6	38.9	19.6	93.9	28.3	13.2	118.9
	黄山市Huangshan	33.0	15.2	148.5	—	—	—	23.1	11.7	55.8	18.1	8.4	76.0

区域 Region	种植制度 Cropping system	作物季型 Crop season	上季作物秸秆还田化肥可替代量 Synthetic fertilizers substitute potential (kg·hm^-2)
区域 Region	种植制度 Cropping system	作物季型 Crop season	N	P₂O₅	K₂O
淮北North area of Huai River	小麦-玉米 Wheat-maize	小麦季Wheat	30.3±3.3	15.3±1.6	73.1±7.9
淮北North area of Huai River	小麦-玉米 Wheat-maize	玉米季Maize	30.5±2.3	10.6±0.8	105.5±8.0
江淮Area between Yangtze River and Huai River	水稻-小麦 Rice-wheat	水稻季Rice	23.4±1.7	8.2±0.6	81.1±5.9
	水稻-小麦 Rice-wheat	小麦季Wheat	31.5±0.7	14.6±0.3	141.7±3.2
	水稻-油菜 Rice-rapeseed	水稻季Rice	29.4±0.4	13.7±0.2	123.4±1.9
	水稻-油菜 Rice-rapeseed	油菜季Rapeseed	31.5±0.7	14.6±0.3	141.7±3.2
沿江Edge area of Yangtze River	水稻-油菜 Rice-rapeseed	水稻季Rice	28.8±0.4	13.4±0.2	120.9±1.7
	水稻-油菜 Rice-rapeseed	油菜季Rapeseed	32.5±0.9	15.0±0.4	146.3±4.2
	双季稻 Double cropping rice	早稻季Early rice	27.7±3.2	12.8±1.5	124.6±14.6
	双季稻 Double cropping rice	晚稻季Late rice	26.7±2.2	12.3±1.0	120.2±10.0
江南South area of Yangtze River	水稻-油菜 Rice-rapeseed	水稻季Rice	25.6±0.8	11.9±0.4	107.3±3.4
	水稻-油菜 Rice-rapeseed	油菜季Rapeseed	30.2±0.5	14.0±0.2	135.9±2.1
	双季稻 Double cropping rice	早稻季Early rice	27.2±1.4	12.6±0.6	122.3±6.2
	双季稻 Double cropping rice	晚稻季Late rice	27.1±1.9	12.5±0.9	122.2±8.4