大豆异黄酮对早期断奶仔猪生长性能、抗氧化功能及肠粘膜形态结构的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.10.016

中国农业科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (10): 2101-2111.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.10.016

• 畜牧·兽医·资源昆虫 • 上一篇下一篇

大豆异黄酮对早期断奶仔猪生长性能、抗氧化功能及肠粘膜形态结构的影响

林厦菁,陈芳,蒋守群,蒋宗勇()

广东省农业科学院动物科学研究所/畜禽育种国家重点实验室/农业农村部华南动物营养与饲料重点实验室/广东省畜禽育种与营养研究重点实验室,广州 510640

收稿日期:2019-09-18 接受日期:2020-02-19 出版日期:2020-05-16 发布日期:2020-05-22
通讯作者: 蒋宗勇
作者简介:林厦菁,E-mail：93783419@qq.com。|陈芳,E-mail：chenfanggz@126.com。
基金资助:
广东省科技计划项目(2019A050505007);国家生猪产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-35);畜禽育种国家重点实验室研究配套专项;广东省畜禽育种与营养研究重点实验室运行经费(2014B030301054);十三五国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0501101);广东省农业科学院科技计划项目(201601TD);广东省农业科学院科技计划项目(201601TD)

Effects of Soybean Isoflavones on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Performance and Intestinal Morphology of Early-Weaned Piglets

LIN XiaJing,CHEN Fang,JIANG ShouQun,JIANG ZongYong()

Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding/Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs /Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640

Received:2019-09-18 Accepted:2020-02-19 Online:2020-05-16 Published:2020-05-22
Contact: ZongYong JIANG

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究饲粮中添加大豆异黄酮对早期断奶仔猪生长性能和抗氧化作用及免疫功能的影响。【方法】选用160只5.5 kg 21日龄断奶的（杜×长×大）三元杂交仔猪,根据体重和性别随机分成5组,每组4个重复（公母各4只）。各处理组饲粮大豆异黄酮添加水平分别为0（空白对照组）、10、20、40、80 mg·kg^-1。试猪饲养至7、42d时每个重复分别选取平均体重的试猪屠宰并取样测定。【结果】断奶后8—42 d和整个试验期阶段,大豆异黄酮40 mg·kg^-1组平均日采食量显著高于空白对照组、10 mg·kg^-1大豆异黄酮组和20 mg·kg^-1大豆异黄酮组（P<0.05）。断奶后8—42 d时,大豆异黄酮20 mg·kg^-1组料重比显著低于空白对照组和80 mg·kg^-1大豆异黄酮组（P<0.05）。断奶后7d,肝脏中丙二醛（MDA）含量随大豆异黄酮添加水平提高有降低的趋势,其中添加大豆异黄酮40和80 mg·kg^-1 组试验猪肝脏中的MDA含量显著低于空白对照组和10 mg·kg^-1 大豆异黄酮组。添加大豆异黄酮20 mg·kg^-1 组仔猪血清超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性显著高于空白对照组、40 mg·kg^-1 大豆异黄酮组和80 mg·kg^-1大豆异黄酮组（P<0.05）。添加大豆异黄酮10 mg·kg^-1 组肝脏组织谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活性显著高于对照组和80 mg·kg^-1 大豆异黄酮组（P<0.05）。断奶后8—42 d时,20 mg·kg^-1大豆异黄酮组试验猪料重比显著低于空白对照组和80 mg·kg^-1大豆异黄酮组（P<0.05）。断奶42d时,添加大豆异黄酮40 mg·kg^-1 组血清SOD活性显著高于空白对照组、10 mg·kg^-1 大豆异黄酮组和80 mg·kg^-1大豆异黄酮组（P<0.05）。大豆异黄酮20 mg·kg^-1组肝脏的GSH-Px活性显著高于空白对照组和80 mg·kg^-1 大豆异黄酮组（P<0.05）。断奶后42d,大豆异黄酮40和80 mg·kg^-1组的空肠SOD活性显著高于对照组（P<0.05）;添加大豆异黄酮40 mg·kg^-1组空肠的GSH-Px活性显著高于对照组和10 mg·kg^-1大豆异黄酮组（P<0.05）;饲粮大豆异黄酮对空肠的金属硫蛋白（MT）含量有显著影响作用,其中大豆异黄酮10 mg·kg^-1组空肠的MT含量显著高于空白对照组（P<0.05）。断奶后7、42d对照组仔猪十二指肠绒毛成舌状排列,绒毛顶端凹陷且脱落严重,各处理组与对照组相比,十二指肠绒毛损伤程度降低,其中40 mg·kg^-1组仔猪十二指肠绒毛最完整,成柱状排列。添加大豆异黄酮对断奶仔猪42d的血液中CD4⁺的水平有显著影响作用,对淋巴细胞转化率、CD8⁺、CD4⁺/ CD8⁺无显著影响（P>0.05）,其中大豆异黄酮10和20 mg·kg^-1组血液中CD4⁺水平显著低于空白对照组和80 mg·kg^-1大豆异黄酮组（P<0.05）。【结论】饲粮中添加大豆异黄酮能够提高断奶仔猪的生长性能,增强机体的抗应激能力,对肠绒毛有一定的保护作用,早期断奶仔猪大豆异黄酮适宜添加量为40mg·kg^-1。

关键词: 大豆异黄酮, 早期断奶仔猪, 抗氧化作用, 肠绒毛形态结构

Abstract:

【Objective】This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of soy isoflavone (SI) on growth performance and its antioxidation of early-weaned piglets. 【Method】One hundred and sixty weaned piglets (Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire) were divided by body weight and sex into five treatments with four replicates of eight piglets in each treatment. The piglets were fed either a control diet or the control diet supplemented with 10, 20, 40 and 80 mg·kg^-1 of soy isoflavone, respectively. Two piglets per pen were slaughtered on the first and sixth week. 【Result】The average daily feed intake of 40 mg·kg^-1 SI group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05) on day 8-42 after weaning and the whole experimental period. On day 8-42 after weaning, the feed to gain ratio of 40 mg·kg^-1 SI group was significantly lower than that of the control, 10 and 20 mg·kg^-1 SI groups (P<0.05). The MDA content of liver under the 40 and 80 mg·kg^-1 SI groups was significantly lower than that in the control and 10 mg·kg^-1 groups. The serum SOD activity of piglets under the 20 mg·kg^-1 SI group was significantly higher than that under the control group, 40 and 80 mg·kg^-1 SI groups (P<0.05). The GSH-px activity of liver tissue under the 10 mg·kg^-1 SI group was significantly higher than that under the control group and 80 mg·kg^-1 SI group (P<0.05). On day 42 after weaning, the SOD of activity serum under the 40 mg·kg^-1 SI group was significantly higher than that under the control group, 10 and 80 mg·kg^-1 SI groups (P<0.05). The GSH-px activity of liver under 20 mg·kg^-1 SI group was significantly higher than that under the control group and 80 mg·kg^-1 SI group (P<0.05). On day 42 after weaning, the SOD activity of jejunal under the 40 and 80 mg·kg^-1 groups was significantly higher than that under the control group (P<0.05).The GSH-px activity of jejunum under the 40 mg·kg^-1 SI group was significantly higher than that under the control group and 10 mg·kg^-1 SI group (P<0.05). Dietary SI had a significant effect on MT content in jejunum, and the MT content of jejunum under the 10 mg·kg^-1 SI group was significantly higher than that under the control group (P<0.05). On day 7 and 42 after weaning, the duodenal villi of piglets under the control group were arranged in tongue shape, and the top of the villi were dented and shed seriously. Compared with the control group, the damage degree of the duodenal villi in each treatment groups were reduced, the duodenal villi of piglets under the 40 mg·kg^-1 group were the most complete villi. The addition of SI had a significant effect on the CD4⁺ level of the blood, but had no significant effect on lymphocyte conversion, CD8⁺, CD4⁺/ CD8⁺ (P>0.05) on day 8-42 after weaning. The CD4⁺ level of the 10 and 20 mg·kg^-1 SI group was significantly lower than that under the control group and 80 mg·kg^-1 SI group (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 Dietary SI could improve the growth performance, antioxidant levels of 21-day-old weaned piglets, and the optimal level of SI was 40 mg·kg^-1.

Key words: soy isoflavone, early-weaned piglets, antioxidation, intestinal villus morphology

林厦菁,陈芳,蒋守群,蒋宗勇. 大豆异黄酮对早期断奶仔猪生长性能、抗氧化功能及肠粘膜形态结构的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2020, 53(10): 2101-2111.

LIN XiaJing,CHEN Fang,JIANG ShouQun,JIANG ZongYong. Effects of Soybean Isoflavones on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Performance and Intestinal Morphology of Early-Weaned Piglets[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(10): 2101-2111.

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饲粮组成Ingredients	含量Content(%)	营养水平Nutrition level
玉米 Corn	68.48	消化能DE（MJ·kg^-1）	13.80
大豆浓缩蛋白soy protein concentrate	16.10	粗蛋白 CP (%)	20.00
乳清粉 Whey	6.00	钙 Ca (%)	0.80
白鱼粉 Fish meal	6.00	总磷 TP (%)	0.61
L-赖氨酸盐酸盐 L-Lysine hydrochloride	0.16	有效磷 AP (%)	0.40
磷酸氢钙 Calcium hydrophosphate	0.48	赖氨酸 Lys (%)	1.34
石粉 Limestone	0.98	蛋氨酸 Met (%)	0.40
食盐 Salt	0.25	苏氨酸Thr (%)	0.86
氯化胆碱 Choline chloride	0.15	色氨酸Trp (%)	0.23
预混料¹⁾ Vitamin-mineral premix	1.40
合计 Total	100.00

组别 Group	大豆异黄酮添加水平 Dietary soy isoflavone addition level (mg·kg^-1)
组别 Group	0	10	20	40	80
平均日增重ADG（g）
0-7d	157.91±19.93	158.13±23.53	160.00±20.55	146.37±19.63	144.29±24.07
8-42d	236.12±53.16	221.64±42.26	237.14±35.97	286.92±47.81	249.18±41.59
0-42d	221.71±44.28	205.29±37.61	206.27±38.65	263.83±41.35	228.53±39.03
平均日采食量ADFI（g）
0-7d	176.34±7.09	169.64±9.15	173.66±9.21	162.05±7.00	162.95±6.75
8-42d	366.57±11.92b	334.13±8.73b	332.97±12.43b	421.98±11.57a	396.32±22.08ab
0-42d	334.87±10.96b	306.72±8.14b	306.42±10.25b	378.66±10.15a	357.42±19.51ab
料重比 F/G
0-7d	1.18±0.07	1.11±0.07	1.08±0.07	1.12±0.04	1.15±0.05
8-42d	1.79±0.40a	1.53±0.17ab	1.47±0.13b	1.70±0.28ab	1.77±0.20a
0-42d	1.55±0.08	1.50±0.07	1.51±0.10	1.45±0.02	1.58±0.02

组别 Group	大豆异黄酮添加水平 Dietary soy isoflavone addition level (mg·kg^-1)
组别 Group	0	10	20	40	80
丙二醛含量 MDA content
血清 Serum (nmol·L^-1)	5.29±0.54	4.40±0.66	4.15±0.90	3.31±0.53	4.38±0.48
肝脏 Liver (nmol·mg^-1 protein)	30.34±4.53a	31.07±3.31a	25.16±5.69ab	22.16±3.06b	15.15±2.25b
超氧化物歧化酶活性 SOD activity
血清 Serum (U·L^-1)	56.58±3.17bc	64.87±6.28abc	70.37±3.27a	51.43±4.01bc	42.84±5.46c
肝脏 Liver (U·mg^-1 protein)	42.48±1.00	43.08±2.88	46.62±2.28	42.85±2.29	42.61±1.66
谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性 GSH-Px activity
血清 Serum (U·L^-1)	248.80±7.03	249.70±6.76	258.40±5.15	265.41±7.18	251.62±10.39
肝脏 Liver (U·mg^-1 protein)	61.79±3.16b	71.59±3.09a	63.60±4.56ab	62.80±2.41ab	57.37±2.49b
金属硫含量 MT content
肝脏 Liver (nmol·g^-1 protein)	0.114±0.004	0.153±0.021	0.119±0.012	0.132±0.028	0.170±0.030

组别 Group	大豆异黄酮添加水平 Dietary soy isoflavone addition level (mg·kg^-1)
组别 Group	0	10	20	40	80
丙二醛含量 MDA content
血清 Serum (nmol·L^-1)	4.21±0.43	4.19±0.36	3.61±0.37	4.20±0.37	4.38±0.46
肝脏 Liver (nmol·mg^-1 protein)	5.90±1.38	6.28±0.51	3.60±0.77	5.35±1.14	5.50±1.10
超氧化物歧化酶活性 SOD activity
血清 Serum (U·L^-1)	71.08±2.92bc	75.53±7.34bc	80.92±1.78ab	88.05±1.75a	64.73±2.45c
肝脏 Liver (U·mg^-1 protein)	42.16±2.50	41.20±1.80	44.96±2.31	41.61±1.07	42.08±1.57
谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性 GSH-Px activity
血清 Serum (U·L^-1)	234.50±9.99	232.71±8.79	236.29±5.85	249.57±8.67	242.22±7.70
肝脏 Liver (U·mg^-1 protein)	61.35±2.46b	65.11±3.40ab	73.46±2.76a	66.87±2.87ab	60.10±2.51b
金属硫含量 MT content
肝脏 Liver (nmol·g^-1 protein)	0.119±0.014	0.129±0.016	0.125±0.016	0.100±0.009	0.096±0.013

组别 Group	大豆异黄酮添加水平 Dietary soy isoflavone addition level (mg·kg^-1)
组别 Group	0	10	20	40	80
断奶后7 d Day 7 after weaning
丙二醛含量MDA content (nmol·mg^-1 protein)	0.21±0.02	0.25±0.04	0.25±0.03	0.18±0.02	0.21±0.03
超氧化物歧化酶活性SOD activity (U·mg^-1 protein)	38.22±3.11	51.51±5.23	53.41±6.37	40.83±4.25	39.97±3.54
谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性GSH-Px activity (U·mg^-1 protein)	26.08±2.88	29.28±3.03	22.10±1.93	19.99±1.98	25.25±2.22
金属硫蛋白含量MT content (nmol·g^-1protein)	5.81±0.74	7.07±1.08	6.48±1.95	4.66±0.53	4.97±1.14
断奶后42 d Day 42 after weaning
丙二醛含量MDA content (nmol·mg^-1 protein)	0.27±0.06	0.18±0.04	0.17±0.02	0.20±0.02	0.21±0.03
超氧化物歧化酶活性SOD activity (U·mg^-1 protein)	39.04±4.49b	48.21±3.84ab	47.28±2.90ab	52.26±1.90a	50.37±3.40a
谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性GSH-Px activity (U·mg^-1 protein)	21.07±2.67b	23.68±3.20b	26.62±2.21ab	36.19±2.99a	25.70±3.14ab
金属硫蛋白含量MT content (nmol·g^-1 protein)	8.79±0.95b	15.95±1.18a	13.30±1.53ab	12.22±1.78ab	11.05±1.76ab

大豆异黄酮对早期断奶仔猪生长性能、抗氧化功能及肠粘膜形态结构的影响

Effects of Soybean Isoflavones on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Performance and Intestinal Morphology of Early-Weaned Piglets

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组别 Group	大豆异黄酮添加水平Dietary soy isoflavone addition level (mg·kg^-1)
组别 Group	0	10	20	40	80
断奶后7 d Day 7 after weaning
血液淋巴细胞转化率 Lymphocyte proliferation conversion efficiency (OD₄₉₂)	0.34±0.13	0.33±0.07	0.30±0.07	0.35±0.14	0.36±0.04
CD₄⁺(%)	34.25±8.85	35.40±6.19	30.75±5.97	31.17±6.05	30.14±4.71
CD₈⁺(%)	23.75±4.35	24.20±4.55	23.75±3.99	20.50±6.25	20.57±3.10
CD₄⁺/ CD₈⁺	1.44±0.33	1.47±0.19	1.30±0.19	1.47±0.29	1.49±0.26
断奶后42 d Day 42 after weaning
血液淋巴细胞转化率 Lymphocyte proliferation conversion efficiency	0.17±0.04	0.19±0.08	0.15±0.06	0.20±0.06	0.17±0.09
CD4⁺(%)	34.12±2.71a	27.33±2.50b	27.67±4.93b	32.17±4.40ab	33.00±5.34a
CD8⁺(%)	22.00±3.41	20.17±2.14	20.00±1.79	19.33±3.27	22.43±4.24
CD4⁺/ CD8⁺	1.58±0.22	1.36±0.12	1.38±0.21	1.68±0.15	1.51±0.34

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