中国农业科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (5): 1018-1028.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.05.013
收稿日期:
2019-07-24
接受日期:
2019-09-29
出版日期:
2020-03-01
发布日期:
2020-03-14
通讯作者:
吴凤芝
作者简介:
田晴,E-mail:tianqing0226@126.com。
基金资助:
TIAN Qing,GAO DanMei,LI Hui,LIU ShouWei,ZHOU XinGang,WU FengZhi()
Received:
2019-07-24
Accepted:
2019-09-29
Online:
2020-03-01
Published:
2020-03-14
Contact:
FengZhi WU
摘要:
【目的】研究小麦根系分泌物对西瓜连作土壤中特异性菌群、真菌群落结构和多样性的影响,明确根系分泌物对改善连作土壤微生物环境的作用,为西瓜枯萎病的生态防治和菜田土壤的健康保持提供参考。【方法】本试验以连作3年的西瓜土壤为研究对象,利用土培盆栽试验研究小麦根系分泌物对西瓜连作土壤中真菌群落结构和多样性的影响。【结果】荧光定量结果表明外源添加小麦根系分泌物降低了土壤中总真菌、尖孢镰刀菌和西瓜专化型尖孢镰刀菌的菌群丰度,增加了木霉菌的菌群丰度,且有西瓜苗并添加小麦根系分泌物处理的木霉菌丰度最高,尖孢镰刀菌的丰度最低。无西瓜苗并添加去离子水溶液处理的木霉菌丰度最低,尖孢镰刀菌的丰度最高。在门水平,增加了西瓜连作土壤中壶菌门(Chytridiomycota)的相对丰度,降低了接合菌门(Zygomycota)和担子菌门(Basidiomycota)的相对丰度;在属水平,增加了对病原菌有拮抗作用的毛壳菌属(Chaetomium spp.)和顶孢霉属(Acremonium spp.)的相对丰度,同时降低了有致病潜力的尖孢镰刀菌属(Fusarium spp.)和腐生菌(Humicola spp.)物种的相对丰度。【结论】小麦根系分泌物引起的西瓜连作土壤中真菌群落的变化是小麦间作西瓜减缓西瓜病害的原因之一。
田晴,高丹美,李慧,刘守伟,周新刚,吴凤芝. 小麦根系分泌物对西瓜连作土壤真菌群落结构的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2020, 53(5): 1018-1028.
TIAN Qing,GAO DanMei,LI Hui,LIU ShouWei,ZHOU XinGang,WU FengZhi. Effects of Wheat Root Exudates on the Structure of Fungi Community in Continuous Cropping Watermelon Soil[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(5): 1018-1028.
表1
小麦根系分泌物对西瓜连作土壤真菌主要属水平的影响"
属水平 Genus | 处理 Treatment | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
NC | NR | WC | WR | |
丝壳属 Kernia | 25.53±1.17a | 26.10±1.27a | 4.04±0.09c | 7.17±0.27b |
毛壳菌属 Chaetomium | 8.91±0.85c | 8.21±0.42c | 14.92±0.71b | 17.75±0.57a |
假霉样真菌属 Pseudallescheria | 5.58±0.45c | 2.87±0.09d | 10.80±0.28b | 11.78±0.21a |
镰刀菌属 Fusarium | 2.76±0.07c | 2.54±0.11c | 16.06±0.47a | 8.08±0.46b |
枝顶孢属 Acremonium | 5.58±0.23b | 16.26±0.33a | 1.55±0.17c | 1.85±0.14c |
腐质霉属 Humicola | 3.76±0.24a | 3.14±0.17b | 5.71±0.26a | 5.49±0.15a |
油星壶菌属 Olpidiaster | 0.02±0.02b | 0.01±0.00b | 6.47±1.36a | 8.27±1.14a |
被孢霉属 Mortierella | 2.14±0.29b | 0.88±0.03c | 3.54±0.20a | 3.91±0.23a |
单孢菌属 Monosporascus | 0.04±0.01c | 0.01±0.00c | 3.95±0.40b | 4.66±0.06a |
头孢菌属 Cephaliophora | 5.71±0.45a | 0.70±0.04b | 0.80±0.08b | 0.70±0.07b |
链格孢属 Alternaria | 2.40±0.29a | 2.34±0.18a | 0.32±0.01c | 1.99±0.22b |
Pseudaleuria | 2.26±0.12b | 3.38±0.08a | 0.36±0.05d | 0.62±0.04c |
柄孢壳菌属 Podospora | 0.50±0.06c | 0.77±0.06c | 3.50±0.25a | 1.27±0.05b |
隐球菌属 Cryptococcus | 2.19±0.27a | 1.38±0.04b | 0.81±0.06c | 1.03±0.11bc |
根囊壶菌属 Rhizophlyctis | 2.00±0.04a | 2.46±0.34a | 0.22±0.07b | 0.59±0.10b |
曲霉属 Aspergillus | 0.36±0.01b | 0.39±0.02b | 1.46±0.12a | 1.30±0.10a |
单格孢属 Monodictys | 0.68±0.03b | 2.01±0.22a | 0.29±0.07c | 0.42±0.04bc |
嗜热真菌属 Thermomyces | 0.05±0.01c | 0.07±0.01c | 1.59±0.08a | 1.20±0.07b |
嗜热链球菌属 Mycothermus | 0.09±0.02b | 0.07±0.01b | 1.32±0.13a | 1.18±0.05a |
表2
小麦根系分泌物对西瓜连作土壤真菌主要OTU水平的影响"
OTU编号 OTU ID | 门水平 Phylum | 属水平 Genus | 相对丰度Relative abundance (%) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NC | NR | WC | WR | |||
OTU881 | 子囊菌门 Ascomycota | 丝壳属 Kernia | 22.45±1.40a | 23.61±1.29a | 2.25±0.10b | 4.85±0.21b |
OTU1011 | 子囊菌门 Ascomycota | 毛壳菌属 Chaetomium | 8.40±0.81c | 7.73±0.38c | 14.46±0.67b | 17.32±0.59a |
OTU925 | 子囊菌门 Ascomycota | 假霉样真菌属 Pseudallescheria | 5.55±0.45c | 2.85±0.09d | 10.79±0.29b | 11.76±0.22a |
OTU322 | 子囊菌门 Ascomycota | 镰刀菌属 Fusarium | 1.60±0.02c | 1.09±0.03c | 12.24±0.34a | 5.26±0.42b |
OTU221 | 子囊菌门 Ascomycota | 腐质霉属 Humicola | 3.65±0.22b | 3.08±0.18b | 5.63±0.27a | 5.43±0.15a |
OTU894 | 子囊菌门 Ascomycota | 枝顶孢属 Acremonium | 1.89±0.10b | 13.50±0.43a | 0.10±0.01c | 0.18±0.03c |
OTU20 | 壶菌门 Chytridiomycota | 油星壶菌属 Olpidiaster | 0.02±0.02b | 0.01±0.00b | 6.43±1.34a | 8.22±1.13a |
OTU225 | 子囊菌门 Ascomycota | 单孢菌属 Monosporascus | 0.03±0.01c | 0.01±0.00c | 3.93±0.40b | 4.65±0.06a |
OTU965 | 子囊菌门 Ascomycota | 头孢菌属 Cephaliophora | 5.69±0.44a | 0.68±0.04b | 0.79±0.09b | 0.49±0.08b |
OTU168 | 子囊菌门 Ascomycota | 镰刀菌属 Fusarium | 0.93±0.04c | 0.90±0.04c | 3.19±0.08a | 2.11±0.06b |
OTU732 | 子囊菌门 Ascomycota | 链格孢属 Alternaria | 2.40±0.29a | 2.33±0.18a | 0.32±0.01b | 1.98±0.22a |
OTU774 | 子囊菌门 Ascomycota | 柄孢壳菌属 Podospora | 0.28±0.03c | 0.43±0.04c | 3.38±0.26a | 1.13±0.03b |
OTU320 | 接合菌门 Zygomycota | 被孢霉属 Mortierella | 0.86±0.08b | 0.29±0.04c | 2.04±0.18a | 1.79±0.06a |
OTU485 | 担子菌门 Basidiomycota | 隐球菌属 Cryptococcus | 1.80±0.21a | 1.34±0.04b | 0.77±0.05c | 0.99±0.12bc |
OTU663 | 子囊菌门 Ascomycota | Pseudaleuria | 1.57±0.12b | 2.86±0.08a | 0.23±0.04c | 0.22±0.03c |
OTU422 | 壶菌门 Chytridiomycota | 根囊壶菌属 Rhizophlyctis | 1.22±0.04b | 2.30±0.31a | 0.03±0.01c | 0.05±0.01c |
OTU1100 | 子囊菌门 Ascomycota | 枝顶孢属 Acremonium | 1.47±0.13a | 0.86±0.06b | 0.50±0.05c | 0.57±0.05c |
OTU878 | 子囊菌门 Ascomycota | 单格孢属 Monodictys | 0.67±0.03b | 2.01±0.22a | 0.29±0.07c | 0.42±0.04bc |
OTU196 | 子囊菌门 Ascomycota | 丝壳属 Kernia | 1.03±0.15a | 0.50±0.03c | 0.77±0.04b | 0.99±0.04ab |
OTU910 | 子囊菌门 Ascomycota | 丝壳属 Kernia | 1.06±0.08a | 0.73±0.07b | 0.48±0.01c | 0.70±0.04b |
OTU277 | 接合菌门 Zygomycota | 被孢霉属 Mortierella | 0.71±0.11b | 0.29±0.05c | 0.82±0.03b | 1.09±0.08a |
OTU247 | 子囊菌门 Ascomycota | 嗜热真菌属 Thermomyces | 0.04±0.01c | 0.05±0.00c | 1.57±0.09a | 1.18±0.07b |
OTU1073 | 子囊菌门 Ascomycota | 嗜热链球菌属 Mycothermus | 0.09±0.02b | 0.07±0.01b | 1.32±0.13a | 1.18±0.05a |
OTU502 | 子囊菌门 Ascomycota | 丝壳属 Kernia | 0.69±0.01b | 1.00±0.07a | 0.38±0.02c | 0.36±0.01c |
表3
小麦根系分泌物对西瓜连作土壤中尖孢镰刀菌属和木霉菌属群落结构的影响"
属水平 Genus | OTU编号 OTU ID | 处理Treatment | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
NC | NR | WC | WR | ||
镰刀菌属 Fusarium spp. | OTU322 | 1.60±0.02c | 1.09±0.03c | 12.24±0.34a | 5.26±0.42b |
OTU168 | 0.93±0.04c | 0.90±0.04c | 3.19±0.08a | 2.11±0.06b | |
OTU827 | 0.08±0.02c | 0.27±0.03a | 0.17±0.03b | 0.23±0.01ab | |
OTU17 | 0.06±0.01c | 0.09±0.01bc | 0.11±0.01b | 0.15±0.02a | |
OTU843 | 0.03±0.00b | 0.14±0.04a | 0.10±0.01a | 0.09±0.01ab | |
OTU137 | 0.01±0.01b | 0.00±0.00b | 0.11±0.02a | 0.07±0.02a | |
OTU199 | 0.01±0.00b | 0.02±0.01ab | 0.05±0.02a | 0.05±0.01ab | |
OTU1116 | 0.01±0.01a | 0.01±0.00a | 0.05±0.03a | 0.03±0.01a | |
OTU595 | 0.01±0.01ab | 0.01±0.01b | 0.02±0.00ab | 0.03±0.01a | |
OTU71 | 0.01±0.00b | 0.01±0.00b | 0.01±0.01ab | 0.04±0.02a | |
OTU738 | 0.01±0.01a | 0.00±0.00a | 0.00±0.00a | 0.00±0.00a | |
OTU327 | 0.00±0.00a | 0.00±0.00a | 0.00±0.00a | 0.01±0.01a | |
OTU307 | 0.00±0.00b | 0.00±0.00b | 0.01±0.00a | 0.00±0.00b | |
木霉属 Trichoderma spp. | OTU917 | 0.01±0.01c | 0.00±0.00c | 0.14±0.01a | 0.09±0.03b |
OTU958 | 0.00±0.01b | 0.01±0.00b | 0.09±0.02a | 0.08±0.04a | |
OTU149 | 0.00±0.00b | 0.00±0.00ab | 0.01±0.00a | 0.01±0.00ab |
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