中国农业科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (5): 890-903.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.05.003
收稿日期:
2019-08-05
接受日期:
2019-10-08
出版日期:
2020-03-01
发布日期:
2020-03-14
通讯作者:
陈松
作者简介:
殷敏,E-mail:基金资助:
YIN Min,LIU ShaoWen,CHU Guang,XU ChunMei,WANG DanYing,ZHANG XiuFu,CHEN Song()
Received:
2019-08-05
Accepted:
2019-10-08
Online:
2020-03-01
Published:
2020-03-14
Contact:
Song CHEN
摘要:
【目的】明确不同类型粳稻在长江下游作双季晚稻种植的产量和生育特性,为筛选适宜长江下游双季晚粳品种提供理论依据。【方法】2017—2018年在浙江省杭州市中国水稻研究所实验农场,以高产晚籼稻品种(IR)为对照,并选择大面积应用的常规粳稻(IJR)、杂交粳稻(HJR)和籼粳杂交稻(IJHR)品种,研究比较晚季温光条件下常规粳稻、杂交粳稻、籼粳杂交稻和晚籼稻在产量、生育期以及温光资源配置上的差异。【结果】(1)籼粳杂交稻产量(8.3—10.0 t·hm -2)显著高于其他晚稻类型,分别增产2.9%—29.3%(晚籼稻),30.9%—35.3%(常规粳稻)和13.4%—14.0%(杂交粳稻);常规粳稻产量最低,较晚籼稻分别减产24.0%(2017年)和1.2%(2018年);而杂交粳稻与晚籼稻产量差异随年份不同而不同。与晚籼稻相比,籼粳杂交稻有效穗少、穗型大、库容高、千粒重和结实率相似;而常规/杂交粳稻则表现为有效穗近似,千粒重大,穗型小。全生育期总体上表现为籼粳杂交稻>杂交粳稻>常规粳稻>籼稻。与籼稻相比,粳型(籼粳杂、常规和杂交粳稻)水稻营养生长期变化较小;穗发育期略有缩短(1—6 d),而灌浆期显著延长(12—22 d);全生育期温光资源积累量显著提高,其中主要贡献来自灌浆期的延长。(2)利用主成分分析(PCA),将供试双季晚稻产量构成与生育特性降维为主成分一(穗粒型因子,37.7%)和主成分二(生育期因子,24.7%)。结果表明籼粳杂交稻为少穗多粒、长灌浆期;晚籼稻为穗粒兼顾、短灌浆期;常规和杂交粳稻的品种特征无显著差异,均为多穗少粒、长灌浆期。(3)相关分析表明,双季晚粳稻产量与每穗粒数(R 2=0.607,P<0.001)、库容(R 2=0.779,P<0.001)和灌浆期(R 2=0.505,P<0.001)呈极显著正相关关系。此外,与双季晚籼稻相比,双季晚粳稻产量对环境变化较敏感,品种间、年度间变异系数较大,这就需要品种的属地化和因种栽培。【结论】双季晚稻“籼改粳”最主要的优势在于延长灌浆期,从而提高全生育期温光资源积累量。与其他类型水稻相比,籼粳杂交稻产量高,表现为大穗型、高库容及长灌浆期,更适宜于长江下游双季晚稻种植。选用籼粳杂交稻,对于提高双季晚稻产量和温光资源利用率、保证双季稻生产安全性具有十分重要的意义。
殷敏,刘少文,褚光,徐春梅,王丹英,章秀福,陈松. 长江下游稻区不同类型双季晚粳稻产量与生育特性差异[J]. 中国农业科学, 2020, 53(5): 890-903.
YIN Min,LIU ShaoWen,CHU Guang,XU ChunMei,WANG DanYing,ZHANG XiuFu,CHEN Song. Differences in Yield and Growth Traits of Different Japonica Varieties in the Double Cropping Late Season in the Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(5): 890-903.
表1
2017—2018年试验品种信息"
年份 Year | 品种类型 Cultivar type | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
IR | IJR | HJR | IJHR | |
2017—2018 | 黄华占 Huanghuazhan 天优华占 Tianyouhuazhan C两优华占 C Liangyouhuazhan | 嘉58 Jia 58 嘉禾218 Jiahe 218 南粳46 Nangeng 46 南粳9108 Nangeng 9108 秀水134 Xiushui 134 | 常优5号 Changyou 5 嘉优5号 Jiayou 5 | 春优84 Chunyou 84(2017) 春优927 Chunyou 927(2018) 甬优1540 Yongyou 1540 甬优538 Yongyou 538 |
表2
2017—2018年不同类型晚稻产量差异"
类型 Type | 品种 Variety | 2017 | 2018 |
---|---|---|---|
IR | 黄华占 Huanghuazhan | 7.9±0.4c | 7.5±0.2gh |
天优华占 Tianyouhuazhan | 7.6±0.2cd | 7.8±0.2fg | |
C两优华占 C Liangyouhuazhan | 8.9±0.2a | 7.9±0.3efg | |
IJR | 嘉58 Jia 58 | 5.9±0.1fg | 8.5±0.2cd |
嘉禾218 Jiahe 218 | 6.1±0.3f | 6.1±0.1i | |
南粳46 Nangeng 46 | 5.6±0.1g | 8.3±0.3de | |
南粳9108 Nangeng 9108 | 6.6±0.1e | 7.2±0.1h | |
秀水134 Xiushui 134 | 6.6±0.3e | 8.0±0.1ef | |
HJR | 常优5号 Changyou 5 | 7.4±0.3d | 8.7±0.2c |
嘉优5号 Jiayou 5 | 7.3±0.1d | 8.8±0.3c | |
IJHR | 春优84 Chunyou 84 | 8.3±0.2b | — |
春优927 Chunyou 927 | — | 10.6±0.4a | |
甬优1540 Yongyou 1540 | 8.4±0.2b | 9.9±0.4b | |
甬优538 Yongyou 538 | 8.3±0.3b | 9.5±0.2b | |
平均值 Average | IR | 8.1±0.6a | 7.7±0.3c |
IJR | 6.2±0.4c | 7.6±0.9c | |
HJR | 7.4±0.2b | 8.8±0.3b | |
IJHR | 8.3±0.2a | 10.0±0.5a | |
ANOVA | |||
品种类型 Type (T) | 65.60** | ||
年份 Year (Y) | 62.52** | ||
T×Y | 13.95** |
表3
2017—2018年不同类型晚稻产量构成差异"
年份 Year | 类型 Type | 有效穗数 (panicles/m2) | 每穗粒数 Grains per panicle | 结实率 Grain setting (%) | 千粒重 1000-grain weight (g) | 库容 Sink (×103·m-2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2017 | IR | 303.8±16.7a | 169.4±23.3b | 60.7±10.6b | 22.5±1.2b | 51.2±5.4b |
IJR | 269.5±30.8b | 121.4±18.2c | 77.2±5.1a | 26.9±1.6a | 32.7±6.3d | |
HJR | 282.6±30.6ab | 137.4±7.8c | 72.1±8.2a | 27.5±2.5a | 38.7±2.4c | |
IJHR | 224.4±15.0c | 263.0±32.5a | 63.7±6.6b | 22.9±1.3b | 58.6±4.2a | |
2018 | IR | 306.3±39.7a | 181.7±29.1b | 67.0±5.7b | 23.0±0.8c | 55.0±6.9b |
IJR | 310.3±20.4a | 133.3±15.5c | 75.0±5.8a | 26.0±1.3b | 41.2±3.4d | |
HJR | 299.2±15.4a | 166.4±8.1b | 65.7±8.3b | 27.9±2.3a | 49.7±0.9c | |
IJHR | 218.2±14.6b | 316.0±32.8a | 65.2±7.0b | 22.9±0.9c | 68.6±3.4a | |
ANOVA | ||||||
品种类型 Type (T) | 41.65** | 195.52** | 15.97** | 49.54** | 126.37** | |
年份 Year (Y) | 5.15* | 23.52** | 0.02ns | 0.00ns | 52.96** | |
T×Y | 4.10** | 3,54* | 2.36ns | 1.11ns | 1.82ns |
表4
不同类型晚稻2017-2018年生育期差异"
年份 Year | 类型 Type | 营养生长期 Vegetative stage | 穗发育期 Reproductive stage | 灌浆期 Grain filling stage | 全生育期 Growth period |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2017 | IR | 58a | 24a | 35c | 117c |
IJR | 58a | 21a | 47b | 126b | |
HJR | 58a | 22a | 48b | 128ab | |
IJHR | 58a | 23a | 50a | 131a | |
2018 | IR | 58a | 25a | 42b | 125c |
IJR | 57b | 22ab | 58a | 136b | |
HJR | 59a | 19b | 62a | 140ab | |
IJHR | 56b | 24a | 64a | 143a | |
ANOVA | |||||
品种类型 Type (T) | 12.81** | 4.93** | 64.32** | 41.02** | |
年份 Years (Y) | 11.18** | 0.00ns | 115.18** | 94.65** | |
T×Y | 12.81** | 1.18ns | 2.16ns | 0.80ns |
表5
2017—2018年不同类型晚稻不同生育阶段温光资源配置差异"
年份 Year | 类型 Type | 营养生长期 Vegetative stage | 穗发育期 Reproductive stage | 灌浆期 Grain filling stage | 全生育期 Growth period | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
EAT (℃) | LH (h) | Rs (MJ·m-2) | EAT (℃) | LH (h) | Rs (MJ·m-2) | EAT (℃) | LH (h) | Rs (MJ·m-2) | EAT (℃) | LH (h) | Rs (MJ·m-2) | ||
2017 | IR | 1187.7b | 449.5a | 1097.8a | 433.5a | 126.6a | 360.3a | 419.3b | 88.8d | 426.2c | 2040.5c | 664.9c | 1872.2c |
IJR | 1187.7a | 449.5a | 1097.8b | 380.1a | 110.5ab | 312.7a | 532.4a | 168.5c | 580.6b | 2100.2b | 728.5b | 1979.1b | |
HJR | 1187.7b | 449.5a | 1097.8a | 402.6a | 107.3b | 327.4a | 522.9a | 185.7b | 589.8ab | 2113.2ab | 742.5ab | 2003.0ab | |
IJHR | 1187.7b | 449.5a | 1097.8a | 412.9a | 113.7ab | 338.4a | 530.6a | 198.7a | 613.6a | 2131.2a | 762.0a | 2037.7a | |
2018 | IR | 1157.0a | 432.3a | 1066.3a | 434.1a | 140.9a | 386.6a | 456.5b | 225.7b | 540.6b | 2047.6b | 786.8b | 1973.3c |
IJR | 1130.3b | 425.7b | 1045.1b | 387.8a | 128.5ab | 340.3ab | 595.4a | 273.1a | 703.5a | 2113.5a | 815.1a | 2068.6b | |
HJR | 1176.1a | 437.1a | 1081.5a | 334.1b | 117.9b | 299.3b | 627.9a | 288.3a | 745.3a | 2138.1a | 831.2a | 2105.8ab | |
IJHR | 1118.8b | 422.8b | 1035.9b | 418.4a | 138.3a | 368.9a | 609.7a | 287.5a | 744.1a | 2146.8a | 836.5a | 2128.7a | |
ANOVA | |||||||||||||
品种类型 Type (T) | 12.81** | 12.81** | 12.81** | 4.85** | 5.67** | 5.01** | 29.40** | 69.42** | 56.94** | 40.14** | 36.39** | 40.32** | |
年份Year (Y) | 151.25** | 547.95** | 222.51** | 1.07ns | 21.78** | 1.40ns | 33.19** | 529.12** | 116.76** | 5.31* | 306.87** | 76.48** | |
T×Y | 12.81** | 12.81** | 12.81** | 1.51ns | 0.60ns | 1.08ns | 1.13ns | 4.80** | 0.43ns | 0.25ns | 3.81* | 0.10ns |
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