河套灌区不同秋浇年限对土壤细菌群落的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.19.009

中国农业科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (19): 3380-3392.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.19.009

• 土壤肥料·节水灌溉·农业生态环境 • 上一篇下一篇

河套灌区不同秋浇年限对土壤细菌群落的影响

张晓丽¹,张宏媛¹,卢闯¹,逄焕成¹,靳存旺²,高喜³,程挨平³,李玉义¹()

¹ 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京 100081
² 五原县农牧业技术推广中心,内蒙古五原015100
³ 内蒙古河套灌区义长灌域管理局义和渠管理所,内蒙古五原015100

收稿日期:2019-03-25 接受日期:2019-06-10 出版日期:2019-10-01 发布日期:2019-10-11
通讯作者: 李玉义
作者简介:张晓丽,E-mail：1695952120@qq.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31871584);国家自然科学基金(31471455);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0501302)

Effects of the Different Autumn Irrigation Years on Soil Bacterial Community in Hetao Irrigation District

ZHANG XiaoLi¹,ZHANG HongYuan¹,LU Chuang¹,PANG HuanCheng¹,JIN CunWang²,GAO Xi³,CHENG AiPing³,LI YuYi¹()

¹ Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081
² Wuyuan County Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Technology Promotion Center, Wuyuan 015100, Inner Mongolia
³ Yihe Canal Center of Yichang Experimental Station of Inner Mongolia Hetao Irrigation District, Wuyuan 015100, Inner Mongolia

Received:2019-03-25 Accepted:2019-06-10 Online:2019-10-01 Published:2019-10-11
Contact: YuYi LI

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 针对内蒙古河套灌区农民自愿放弃秋浇造成干地面积逐渐增多的现象,通过调查研究不同秋浇年限对盐碱土壤细菌群落组成差异的影响,为灌区盐碱地改良与秋浇制度改革提供科学依据。【方法】 选取盐荒地（CK）、一直秋浇（AUI1）、隔2—3年秋浇（AUI2）、3—4年不秋浇（AUI3）以及6—7年不秋浇（AUI4）5种类型的典型地块,采用高通量测序（Illumina HiSeq）技术,分析不同秋浇年限处理下土壤细菌群落的变化特征,并对土壤化学性质与细菌群落进行了冗余分析以及与群落组成的相关性分析。【结果】 AUI1和AUI2处理对降低0—30 cm土层盐分含量最显著,分别比CK、AUI3、AUI4降低了128.82%和29.04%、108.76%和17.72%、108.44%和17.55%,在30—40 cm土层AUI1处理的盐分含量显著低于其他处理;各个土层的pH值均以AUI2处理最低,其0—40 cm土层pH平均值较CK、AUI1、AUI3、AUI4处理分别显著降低了0.28、0.32、0.16、0.88个单位（P＜0.05）。另外,AUI2处理0—40 cm土层微生物量碳平均含量分别较CK、AUI1、AUI3、AUI4提高了252.89%、148.59%、58.10%和60.10%,可溶性有机碳平均含量分别提高了48.41%、29.42%、6.01%和14.27%（P＜0.05）。AUI1与AUI2处理间的丰富度指数（ACE和Chao1）显著高于CK、AUI3和AUI4处理（P＜0.05）。变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、酸杆菌门（Acidobacteria）和拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）为不同秋浇年限处理的3大优势菌门,占所有菌门的53.93%,而AUI2、AUI3处理分别有利于增加拟杆菌门、酸杆菌门的丰度（P＜0.05）。相关性分析结果表明,变形菌门（Proteobacteria）和绿弯菌门（Chloroflexi）与土壤微生物量碳和可溶性有机碳均具有很强的负相关性,其中与微生物量碳的相关系数分别为（r=-0.559**和-0.522*）,与可溶性有机碳的相关系数分别为（r=-0.795**和-0.820**）;而放线菌门（Actinobacteria）、奇古菌门（Thaumarchaeota）、厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）和疣微菌门（Verrucomicrobia）均与土壤盐分呈显著负相关,与土壤微生物量碳和可溶性有机碳呈显著正相关。因子分析显示,土壤盐分、pH、微生物量和可溶性有机碳总共解释了97%的群落变化,成为土壤细菌群落组成变化的主控因子,贡献率依次为：土壤盐分＞pH＞微生物量碳＞可溶性有机碳。【结论】 隔2—3年秋浇（AUI2）处理不仅可以有效降低耕层土壤盐分并能使0—40 cm土层微生物量碳和可溶性有机碳含量显著增加,而且还可提高土壤优势菌群中拟杆菌门的相对丰度。综上所述,隔2—3年秋浇（AUI2）是河套地区兼顾盐碱土壤改良与节水的优化措施。

关键词: 秋浇, 土壤细菌, 群落结构, 多样性, 盐碱土, 高通量测序, 内蒙古河套灌区

Abstract:

【Objective】 Considering the phenomenon that farmers voluntarily gave up the water irrigation in autumn, We investigated the effects of different autumn irrigation years on soil bacterial community composition in Inner Mongolia Hetao Irrigation District, so as to provide corresponding scientific support for the improvement of saline-alkali land and reformation of autumn irrigation system.【Method】 By selecting five types of typical plots, including wasteland (CK), always irrigation in autumn (AUI1), 2-3 years with autumn irrigation (AUI2), 3-4 years without autumn irrigation (AUI3) and 6-7 years without autumn irrigation (AUI4), the characteristics of soil bacteria in different autumn irrigation years were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing (Illumina HiSeq), and redundantly and correlation analysis of the soil chemical properties with bacterial communities and with community composition were followed.【Result】 The results showed that the salt content of AUI1 and AUI2 treatments were significantly reduced in 0-30 cm soil layer, compared with CK, AUI3 and AUI4, which were reduced by 128.82% and 29.04%, 108.76% and 17.72%, 108.44% and 17.55%, respectively. The salt content of AUI1 treatment was significantly reduced than that of other treatments in 30-40cm soil layer; the pH of AUI2 treatment was the lowest in each soil layer, and compared with CK, AUI1, AUI3 and AUI4 treatments, which reduced by 0.28, 0.32, 0.16 and 0.88 units, respectively (P＜0.05). Compared with CK, AUI1, AUI3 and AUI4 treatments, the soil microbial biomass carbon content of AUI2 treatment were increased by 252.89%, 148.59%, 58.10% and 60.10%, respectively, and the soluble organic carbon content increased by 48.41%, 29.42%, 6.01% and 4.27%, respectively (P＜0.05). The abundance index (ACE and Chao1) of AUI1 and AUI2 treatments were significantly higher than CK, AUI3 and AUI4 treatments (P＜0.05). Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria and Bacteroidetes were the three dominant bacteria that were treated in different autumn years, accounting for 53.93% of all bacteria, while AUI2 and AUI3 treatment are beneficial to increase the Bacteroidetes and Acidobacteria relative abundance (P＜0.05). Correlation analysis showed that Proteobacteria and Chloroflexi were significantly negatively correlated with soil microbial biomass carbon and soluble organic carbon, and the correlation coefficient with microbial biomass carbon were (r =-0.559** and -0.522*), the correlation coefficients with soluble organic carbon were (r =-0.795** and -0.820**), respectively; Actinobacteria, Thaumarchaeota, Firmicutes and Verrucomicrobia were significantly negatively correlated with soil salinity and significantly positively correlated with soil microbial biomass carbon and dissolved organic carbon. Factor analysis showed that soil salinity, pH, microbial biomass and soluble organic carbon were main environmental factors on the soil bacterial community structure, total explaining 97% of the community changes. The order of contribution rate was soil SC＞pH＞MBC＞SOC.【Conclusion】 Comprehensive consideration, the 2-3 years with autumn irrigation (AUI2) treatment could not only effectively reduce the soil salinity and significantly increase the microbial biomass carbon and soluble organic carbon content in 0-40cm soil layer, but also improve the relative abundance of the dominant bacteria. In summary, the autumn irrigation (AUI2) was an optimization measure for the improvement of saline soil and water conservation in Hetao area.

Key words: autumn irrigation, soil bacterial, community structure, bacterial diversity, saline-alkali soil, IlluminaMiSeq, Inner Mongolia Hetao Irrigation District

张晓丽,张宏媛,卢闯,逄焕成,靳存旺,高喜,程挨平,李玉义. 河套灌区不同秋浇年限对土壤细菌群落的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2019, 52(19): 3380-3392.

ZHANG XiaoLi,ZHANG HongYuan,LU Chuang,PANG HuanCheng,JIN CunWang,GAO Xi,CHENG AiPing,LI YuYi. Effects of the Different Autumn Irrigation Years on Soil Bacterial Community in Hetao Irrigation District[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(19): 3380-3392.

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土层深度 Soil depth (cm)	处理 Treatment	全盐 Salt content (g·kg^-1)	pH	微生物量碳 Microbial biomass C (mg·kg^-1)	可溶性有机碳 Soluble organic C (mg·kg^-1)
0-10	CK	2.62±0.14a	8.62±0.02b	12.98±0.11d	36.42±0.11e
	AUI1	1.57±0.01d	8.52±0.03c	20.49±0.43b	57.83±0.35a
	AUI2	1.69±0.01c	8.33±0.08d	23.17±0.23a	49.27±0.26b
	AUI3	2.13±0.01b	8.44±0.08c	14.15±0.12c	43.26±0.28c
	AUI4	2.23±0.01b	9.11±0.10a	20.36±0.13b	40.53±0.27d
10-20	CK	2.42±0.01a	8.59±0.03b	10.43±0.12e	36.76±0.24e
	AUI1	0.76±0.01e	8.68±0.02b	30.27±0.17a	60.27±0.19a
	AUI2	1.86±0.03d	8.27±0.04d	22.66±0.12b	51.19±0.21b
	AUI3	2.11±0.01c	8.40±0.03c	16.10±0.11c	39.40±0.26d
	AUI4	2.23±0.01b	9.11±0.10a	12.53±0.12d	41.62±0.25c
20-30	CK	2.12±0.03b	8.52±0.02c	3.53±0.08e	34.35±0.18e
	AUI1	0.80±0.01e	8.67±0.01b	34.31±0.09a	43.71±0.19b
	AUI2	1.99±0.01d	8.42±0.01d	18.84±0.11b	45.37±0.23a
	AUI3	2.29±0.01a	8.54±0.03c	11.50±0.08c	35.64±0.21d
	AUI4	2.05±0.02c	9.29±0.11a	9.95±0.11d	42.14±0.18c
30-40	CK	2.13±0.04c	8.73±0.06b	2.70±0.08e	36.45±0.19c
	AUI1	0.72±0.01e	8.73±0.02b	19.55±0.06a	51.87±0.18a
	AUI2	3.00±0.01a	8.31±0.05d	9.03±0.07b	40.51±0.21b
	AUI3	2.69±0.01b	8.60±0.03c	5.13±0.11c	34.32±0.18d
	AUI4	1.75±0.04d	9.34±0.03a	4.63±0.10d	40.22±0.15b

处理 Treatment	香浓指数 Shannon index	辛普森指数 Simpson index	Chao1指数 Chao1 index	ACE指数 ACE index
CK	9.838±0.098a	0.995±0.003a	4263.408±101.738d	4291.645±62.989d
AUI1	9.769±0.204a	0.997±0.002a	5548.561±101.265a	5546.485±65.158a
AUI2	9.779±0.109a	0.997±0.003a	4860.985±118.970b	4828.625±51.736b
AUI3	9.879±0.097a	0.997±0.002a	4686.787±102.399c	4675.784±57.807c
AUI4	9.832±0.103a	0.997±0.001a	4313.685±103.203d	4319.209±65.483d

微生物类群 Microbial Population	全盐 Salinity	pH	微生物量碳 Microbial biomass C	可溶性有机碳 Soluble organic C
变形菌门Proteobacteria	0.420	0.483	-0.559*	-0.522*
酸杆菌门Acidobacteria	0.135	-0.356	-0.066	-0.133
拟杆菌门Bacteroidetes	-0.249	0.141	0.341	0.421
芽单胞菌门Gemmatimonadetes	0.132	-0.445	0.103	0.154
放线菌门Actinobacteria	-0.620*	0.187	0.618*	0.649**
奇古菌门Thaumarchaeota	-0.719**	-0.494	0.694**	0.631*
绿弯菌门Chloroflexi	0.765**	0.335	-0.795**	-0.820**
浮霉菌门Planctomycetes	0.296	-0.506	-0.166	-0.193
疣微菌门Verrucomicrobia	-0.679**	-0.052	0.570*	0.532*
厚壁菌门Firmicutes	-0.559*	0.083	0.436	0.438

河套灌区不同秋浇年限对土壤细菌群落的影响

Effects of the Different Autumn Irrigation Years on Soil Bacterial Community in Hetao Irrigation District

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