施用炭基肥及生物炭对棕壤有机碳组分的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.11.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】作为土壤肥力的重要指标，土壤有机碳及其组分在耕地生产力和作物产量方面发挥着重要作用。论文以4年定位施肥试验为依托，分析连续施用炭基肥及生物炭对土壤有机碳含量及其组分的影响，为调控农田土壤肥力及棕壤有机碳库的管理提供科学依据。【方法】田间试验始于2011年，设置5个处理：不施肥（CK）、低量生物炭（C15）、高量生物炭（C50）、氮磷钾配施（NPK）、炭基肥（BBF）。其中C15与BBF是等碳量处理，NPK与BBF是等氮磷钾养分处理。于第4年花生收获后（2014年秋季）采集各处理耕层（0—20 cm）土壤样本，测定土壤有机碳总量、各组分含量及花生产量。【结果】施用炭基肥和生物炭均可以显著增加耕层土壤总有机碳含量，比试验起始年土壤（简称起始土）分别提高10%、8%；而在相同碳素（C15和BBF）或氮磷钾养分投入（NPK和BBF）条件下，施用炭基肥提升土壤总有机碳含量的效果最好，提升幅度为2%—15%。施入炭基肥及生物炭显著提高了游离态颗粒有机碳和闭蓄态颗粒有机碳含量；在等碳量投入条件下，炭基肥处理的提升幅度分别为43%、17%；等氮磷钾养分投入条件下，炭基肥处理的提升幅度更大，分别为40%、43%。无论施入炭基肥或生物炭，对于矿物结合态有机碳含量影响均不大，但都比起始土略高。土壤可溶性有机碳含量变化规律与总有机碳相似，即施入炭基肥或生物炭均提高了其含量，但等碳量投入条件下无显著差异。各施肥处理花生产量在199.4—232.9 kg/667m²，均显著高于不施肥处理，其中施用炭基肥产量最大，比等碳量处理（C15）高17%，比等养分处理（NPK）高10%，且差异显著。【结论】连续多年施用炭基肥或生物炭均能明显提高土壤总有机碳、游离态颗粒有机碳、闭蓄态颗粒有机碳含量；提升效果显著优于投入等量碳素或等量氮磷钾养分。连续多年施肥可以提高土壤中水溶性有机碳含量，但炭基肥与生物炭、氮磷钾配施处理间无明显差异。无论施用炭基肥还是生物炭对土壤矿物结合态有机碳含量影响不大。连续施用炭基肥对花生产量的提升效果最好，显著高于等氮磷钾养分和等碳量处理。

关键词: 炭基肥, 生物炭, 有机碳组分, 棕壤, 花生

Abstract: 【Objective】 As an essential indicator of soil quality, soil organic carbon and its fractions play an important role in land productive capacity and crop yield. Based on a 4-year long-term experiment, effects of Biochar-based fertilizer and Biochar treatments on the contents of total organic carbon and its fractions in Brown soil were analyzed to provide scientific basis for controls of soil fertility and organic carbon management. 【Method】 Since 2011, a field experiment was conducted with five different fertilizing treatments: no fertilizer (CK), low amount biochar (C15), high amount biochar (C50), chemical fertilizer (NPK), and biochar-based fertilizer (BBF). Among them, C15 and BBF had the same level of carbon content, and NPK and BBF had the same level of nutrient. At the 4th year (autumn 2014), soil samples at 0-20 cm depth of different fertilization treatments were collected after harvest. Contents of soil total organic carbon, its fractions and peanuts yield were determined by chemical analysis. 【Result】 The results showed that compared with initial soil, soil total organic carbon content (TOC) was significantly increased by 10% and 8% under the biochar-based fertilizer and biochar treatment, respectively. It was increased from 2% to 15% (in biochar-based fertilizer treatment) under the same level carbon or NPK nutrition input. Soil free particulate organic carbon (FPOC) and soil occluded particulate organic carbon (OPOC) contents were significantly increased by applying biochar-based fertilizer or biochar. Compared with the same level carbon input treatments, FPOC and OPOC increased was 43% and 17% by applying biochar-based fertilizer, respectively; compared with the same level NPK nutrition input treatments, FPOC and OPOC increased was 40% and 43%, respectively. Soil mineral organic carbon (MOC) content was increased slightly in all fertilizer treatments, but the difference was not significant. Soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content was significantly increased under biochar-based fertilizer and biochar treatments, but there was no significant difference between them. The peanut yield of continuous application of fertilization was199.4-232.9 kg/667m², which was higher than no fertilizer treatment. The peanut yield was the highest when BBF was applied in soil and obviously higher than C15 and NPK treatment 17% and 10%, respectively. 【Conclusion】 Soil total organic carbon, FPOC, OPOC contents were significant increased by applying biochar-based fertilizer or biochar for more years, and the increasing amount under biochar-based fertilizer treatment was more than that under same amount carbon or NPK nutrition input. Soil DOC content was also increased, but there was no significant difference between same amount carbon and NPK nutrition input. Soil MOC content was not affected by applying biochar or fertilizer. The effect of improving peanuts yield was the best when BBF continuously was applied in soil, and it was better than the same level of nutrient treatment and the same level of carbon treatment.

Key words: biochar-based fertilizer, biochar, organic carbon fractions, Brown soil, peanut

高梦雨，江彤，韩晓日，杨劲峰. 施用炭基肥及生物炭对棕壤有机碳组分的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2018, 51(11): 2126-2135.

GAO MengYu, JIANG Tong, HAN XiaoRi, YANG JinFeng. Effects of Applying Biochar-Based Fertilizer and Biochar on Organic Carbon Fractions and Contents of Brown Soil[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(11): 2126-2135.

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