中国农业科学 ›› 2017, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (17): 3422-3428.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.17.016

• 畜牧·兽医·资源昆虫 • 上一篇    下一篇

基因工程技术在黄曲霉毒素生物降解中的应用

计成1,贾如2,赵丽红1

 
  

  1. 1中国农业大学动物科技学院/动物营养学国家重点实验室,北京 100193;2山西大学生命科学学院,太原 030006
  • 收稿日期:2017-03-21 出版日期:2017-09-01 发布日期:2017-09-01
  • 作者简介:计成,E-mail:jicheng@cau.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家公益性行业(农业)科学专项(201403047)、大北农青年学者研究计划、动物营养学国家重点实验室项目

Application of Gene Engineering Technique in Aflatoxin Biodegradation

JI Cheng1, JIA Ru2, ZHAO LiHong1   

  1. 1College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University/National Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing 100193; 2College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006
  • Received:2017-03-21 Online:2017-09-01 Published:2017-09-01

摘要: 黄曲霉毒素具有强致癌性、致突变性和致畸性,影响动物生产性能,降低饲料转化效率,减少产肉量、产蛋量和产奶量,增加动物发病率和死亡率,给畜牧业造成巨大的经济损失。另外,黄曲霉毒素通过肉、蛋、奶食物链传递给人类,严重威胁人类健康。因此,黄曲霉毒素的防控已经成为全球性高度关注的问题。目前,饲料中黄曲霉毒素的脱毒方法主要采用物理吸附,如蒙脱石、活性炭、酵母细胞壁等,但物理吸附仅是吸附了黄曲霉毒素,并不能减少毒素的量,最终饲料中被吸附的毒素在体内解吸附后排出体外,可造成环境的二次污染。另外吸附剂效果不稳定,可能会吸附饲料中的维生素等营养物质,造成饲料品质下降。其中,生物降解法具有解毒彻底、专一性强,不影响饲料的营养价值且能够避免毒素的重新产生等优点,从而备受研究者的关注。目前,有越来越多的研究报道了真菌、细菌及其代谢产生的酶能够降解黄曲霉毒素,而鲜有关于降解黄曲霉毒素重组酶的报道。基因工程技术在黄曲霉毒素生物降解中的运用,可采用现代分子生物学的方法,从复合解毒酶中分离纯化出特定的蛋白。但因微生物降解酶分离纯化过程复杂、酶活不稳定、酶作用条件苛刻,较难用于实际生产。因此,人们利用基因工程手段将活性高的解毒酶基因进行基因克隆,实现降解酶基因在原核或真核工程菌种的异源高效表达,为酶制剂在降解霉菌毒素的实际生产中作用研究奠定了理论基础。文章就基因工程技术在黄曲霉毒素降解中的运用研究进展及未来发展方向进行综述,为饲料和食品中霉菌毒素生物降解酶的运用提供理论基础和实践依据。

关键词: 黄曲霉毒素, 生物降解, 基因工程,

Abstract: Aflatoxin is highly carcinogenic, mutagenic and carcinogenic. It can reduce animal production performance, feed conversion efficiency and the amount of meat, egg and milk yield. Besides, it can increase animal mortality, causing huge economic losses in animal husbandry. In addition, aflatoxin can threaten human’s health through the meat, eggs, milk, food chain. Therefore, prevention and control of aflatoxin has become a global concern. At present, detoxification of aflatoxin in feed mainly by physical adsorption, such as montmorillonite, activated carbon, yeast cell wall, but the physical adsorption can only adsorb aflatoxin, can not reduce the amount of toxin. Moreover, it can cause the secondary pollution to the environment. The adsorbent is unstable and may absorb vitamins and other nutrients in feed, resulting in a decrease of feed quality. The biological degrading method could fully degrading mycotoxins, has strong specificity, no adverse impact on the nutritional value of the feed and the ability to avoid the release toxins again. This method has attracted the attention of many researchers. Nowadays, more and more studies have reported that fungi, bacteria and their enzymes are able to degrade aflatoxin, but there are few reports on degrading aflatoxins using recombinant enzymes. The application of gene engineering technology in aflatoxin biodegradation can be separated and purified from the compound detoxification enzymes by modern molecular biology methods. Because of the complex process of enzyme separation and purification, unstable enzyme activity and harsh enzymatic conditions, it is difficult to be used in practical production. Therefore, people use genetic engineering means to detoxification gene with high activity for gene cloning, heterologous implementation of degrading enzyme gene in prokaryotic or eukaryotic expression engineering strain, which laid a theoretical foundation for the practical production of enzyme in the degradation of mycotoxins. The recent advances in aflatoxin degrading using gene engineering technique and development direction are reviewed in this paper, to provide theoretical and practical bases for using of enzymes in degrading mycotoxins in feed and food.

Key words: aflatoxin, biodegradation, gene engineering, enzyme