迁飞性昆虫对全球气候变化的响应

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.S.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 生物对气候变化的响应是全球广泛关注的热点问题。昆虫是一类与农业生产高度相关的生物类群，通过迁飞从空间上扩展栖息地是其适应不良环境的生态策略。大量研究表明，迁飞性昆虫对环境变化极为敏感，并在生物物候、成虫形态、地理分布格局等方面对全球气候变化做出了响应。文中对全球气候变化背景下迁飞性昆虫发生期、水平迁移和垂直迁移的改变进行了综述。温度升高导致迁飞性昆虫的越冬首现日、首迁日、迁飞高峰日显著提前，而迁飞期则显著延长；此外，温度升高还促使迁飞性昆虫的发育历期显著缩短，导致高温适生种群发生量、发生代数和危害程度持续加重。全球变暖背景下多种迁飞性昆虫逐渐向高纬度和高海拔地区迁移，其危害时期、危害程度、危害物种之间产生新的竞争关系；迁飞性害虫与寄主植物、天敌昆虫之间的同步性发生改变，整个农业生态系统的稳定性也随之发生改变。论文综述了国内外的相关研究进展，分析了全球气候变化对中国重要农业害虫迁飞规律和发生危害的影响。

关键词: 全球气候变化, 迁飞昆虫, 生态响应, 生物多样性, 种群治理

Abstract: Responses of organisms to global climate change have caused worldwide concern in recent years. Insect is an important group of organisms closely related with agricultural production, and most of them extend their habitat to unfavorable environment by long-distance migration. Many studies showed that migratory insects are much sensitive to adapt the global climate change by regulating their biological phenology, adult’s morphology and geographical distribution patterns. On the one hand, temperature elevation shorted the first appear date of the overwinter generation, as well as the first flight date and the peak date of the migratory generations in a year, while the migration duration prolonged. On the other hand, global warming changes the damage period of migratory insect pests, aggravates its damages and brings new competitions among them. The phenological synchrony between migratory insect pests and its host plants or natural enemies may be changed owing to increased temperature, which thus alters the insect’s occurrence and biological control in the future. This paper reviews the current advances worldwide in the area, and provides an analysis on potential impact of global climate change to population migration and occurrence principles of insect pests in Chinese agricultural regions.

Key words: global climate change, migratory insects, ecological responses, biodiversity, population management

付晓伟，吴孔明. 迁飞性昆虫对全球气候变化的响应[J]. 中国农业科学, 2015, 48(S): 1-15.

FU Xiao-wei, WU Kong-ming. Responses of Migratory Insects to Global Climate Change[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(S): 1-15.

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