黄淮小麦农艺性状进化及对产量性状调控机理的分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.05.018

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】气候变化对小麦生产的影响已经受到广泛关注。在气候变化背景下，小麦育种必须重新定位。文章对黄淮地区小麦进化材料的农艺性状进化以及对单株产量性状调控机理进行分析，为未来小麦适应气候变化和高产育种目标提供理论依据。【方法】对30个不同染色体倍数的小麦进化材料的12个农艺性状进行进化趋势分析。并对小麦进化材料的农艺性状进行相关分析、通径分析、逐步回归分析、主成分分析和聚类分析，探讨小麦进化育种中各农艺性状对单株产量的调控规律。【结果】通过对农艺性状的进化趋势分析和多重统计分析获得如下结果：①黄淮小麦进化过程中其抽穗期、生育期、株高、单株穗数等有减少的趋势，但生殖生长期占全生育期比例、收获指数、千粒重和单株粒重等有不同程度的增加趋势。②相关分析表明，单株粒重与穗粒数、千粒重、收获指数和单株生物学产量均呈极显著正相关，与生殖生长期占全生育期比例呈显著正相关，与抽穗期、生育期和单株穗数均呈极显著负相关。③多元逐步回归分析结果表明，收获指数、单株生物学产量和生育期是决定单株粒重的3个主要因子，共同决定了单株粒重96%的变异。其中，收获指数、单株生物学产量对小麦单株粒重有大的正效应调控作用，生育期对小麦单株粒重有较大的负效应调控作用。④通径分析表明，11个农艺性状对单株粒重直接贡献大小依次为收获指数＞单株生物学产量＞穗粒数＞穗长＞单株穗数＞每穗小穗数＞生殖生长期占全生育期比例＞抽穗期＞株高＞千粒重＞生育期。其中，收获指数、单株生物学产量、千粒重和穗粒数对单株粒重有较大的正效应。⑤主成分分析结果显示，3个主成分累积贡献率达81.873%，表明3个主成分已覆盖所有性状的主要信息。⑥根据综合值的聚类分析和对不同年代的种质资源农艺性状的特征比较，将30个小麦进化材料分为了早熟矮秆低产型、晚熟高秆低产型、晚熟高秆中产型、早熟高秆中产型和早熟矮秆高产型五大类小麦资源。【结论】通过对30个小麦进化材料农艺性状的多重统计分析，得出每个小麦进化材料的相关信息。小麦由二倍体到六倍体进化过程中，收获指数、单株生物学产量和穗粒数对小麦单株粒重有明显正效应，而生育期对其有显著负效应。这是在气候变暖背景下，人工选育高产品种和自然选择共同作用的结果。

关键词: 黄淮地区 , 小麦 , 农艺性状 , 进化 , 气候变化

Abstract: 【Objective】 The impact of climate change on wheat production has been received wide attention, and wheat breeding must be reoriented under climate change. The purpose of this study was to analyze the agronomic traits evolution of wheat evolution materials in Huang-Huai Plain and the mechanism controlling the yield traits, and to provide a theoretical basis for wheat adapting to the climate change and high yield breeding goal in future.【Method】The evolutionary trend of 12 agronomic characters among 30 different ploidy wheat evolution materials was analyzed. Meanwhile, correlation analysis, multiple linear regression analysis, path analysis, etc. were conducted to discuss the regulation pattern that agronomic traits controlling the yield traits in wheat breeding process.【Result】The results of analysis of the evolution tendency of agronomic traits and multiple statistical analysis were obtained as follows: ① The growing period, heading stage, plant height and spike number per plant tended to reduce, but the percentage of reproductive stage in the whole growing period, harvest index, 1000-grain weight and grain weight per plant tended to increase at different levels in wheat evolution; ② Correlation analysis showed that grain weight per plant has a significant or extremely significant positive correlation with the percentage of reproductive stage in the whole growing period, kernels per spike, 1000-grain weight, harvest index and biological yield per plant, but has an extremely significant negative correlation with heading stage, growth period and spike number per plant.; ③ Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that the determination coefficient of three factors including harvest index, biological yield per plant and growth period selected by multiple linear regression analysis to grain weight per plant was 0.960; ④ Path analysis showed that the biggest direct contribution to grain weight per plant was harvest index among 11 agronomic traits, and followed by biological yield per plant, kernels per spike, spike length, spike number per plant, spikelet number per spike, the percentage of reproductive stage in the whole growing period, heading stage, plant height, 1000-grain weight and growth period, but the biggest direct positive effects on grain weight per plant were harvest index, biological yield per plant and kernels per spike; ⑤ The result of principle components analysis showed that the 3 principal components of the cumulative contribution rate reached 81.873%, and the main information of all traits have been covered; ⑥ According to cluster analysis of comprehensive value and comparing characteristics of agronomic traits, 30 wheat materials have been divided into five types as follows early mature-dwarf-low yield, late maturing-high stalk-low yield, late maturing-high stalk-middle yield, early mature-dwarf-middle yield and early mature-dwarf-high yield. 【Conclusion】 The evolution tendency of wheat materials was obtained by multiple statistics. The results indicate that harvest index, biological yield per plant and kernels per spike has an obvious positive effect on grain weight per plant, but growth period has a negative effect on grain weight per plant in wheat evolution from diploid to tetraploid then to hexaploid. That is the result of natural selection and artificial high yield selection under the background of global climate warming.

Key words: Huang-Huai Plain , wheat , agronomic traits , evolution , climate change

张丽英1, 2, 张正斌1, 徐萍1, 卫云宗3, 刘新江4. 黄淮小麦农艺性状进化及对产量性状调控机理的分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2014, 47(5): 1013-1028.

ZHANG Li-Ying-1, 2 , ZHANG Zheng-Bin-1, XU Ping-1, WEI Yun-Zong-3, LIU Xin-Jiang-4. Evolution of Agronomic Traits of Wheat and Analysis of the Mechanism of Agronomic Traits Controlling the Yield Traits in the Huang-Huai Plain[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2014, 47(5): 1013-1028.

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